Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: Demonstration project attempted to restore the terrestrial habitats around wetlands and reduce the manganese (Mn) pollution of wetlands. Project had tested five kinds of trees for phytoremediation in terrestrial habitats, and designed Ecological interception system (EIS) to control the Mn pollution to wetlands. EIS was composed of the surface runoff collection system (SRCS) and the Treatment system (TS). SRCS composed of cobblestones, high-capacity adsorbent fillers, sands and plants. TS composed of three subsurface wetland units processing modules. The results show that: (1)New soil and base fertilizer applied in the plant pits can effectively improve plants survival rate; (2)Koelreuteria paniculata, Elaeocarpus sylvestris and Paulownia can be used for phytoremediation in terrestrial habitats; (3)Canna warszewiczii, Boehmeria, Thalia dealbata and other nine kinds plants in the EIS can absorb the Mn element effectively; (4)EIS can purify the water effectively. The complex project was based on the biological principles, ecological principles and biochemical effects which provides a reasonable ecological engineering model suitable for the restoration of polluted wetlands.

Abstract: Taking military barracks wastewater treatment as an example, this paper presents a new concept design of a modified DEWATS system with both the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland and aquatic plants pond. Results show that this process in treating the military barracks area wastewater have many advantages such as low operation cost, simple operation and maintenance, and the effluent could meet the urban wastewater treatment plant pollutant discharge standard "(GB18919-2002) for first level Class A. It is suitable for the military barracks which have difficulty to be connected to centralized sewerage treatment system. At the same time, it can effectively improve the internal and surrounding water environment around the military barracks. This is a flexible wastewater treatment technology and can be replicated and applied for decentralized wastewater treatment.

Abstract: As a new type of ecology treatment technology, constructed wetland has been widely utilized in the sewage disposal system. The paper researches into the constructed wetlands basic concept, structural constitutions and the sewage disposal mechanism. It has been certified that the constructed wetland technology play an important role in decreasing point source pollution on expressway.

Abstract: An enhanced nitrogen removal system of constructed wetland has been established, and for which kind of nitrogen containing wastewater was suitable to be treated by such enhanced system was also investigated. The results show that when co-controlled by intermittent aeration and carbon source addition, dissolved oxygen concentration and process carbon-nitrogen ratio in enhanced system were improved, meanwhile TN removal capability was enhanced. For wastewater that contains low concentration of carbon and nitrogen, or low concentration of carbon but high concentration of nitrogen, or high concentration of carbon and nitrogen, or high concentration of carbon and low concentration of nitrogen, the average removal efficiency of COD, TN, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and TP in enhanced system were 68.1%, 78.2%, 70.8%, 86.7% and 71.2%, of which the purification capability was significantly better than that of the control system. The enhanced system is especially suitable for treatment of wastewater that contains low concentration of carbon and high nitrogen.

Abstract: The increased occurrence of smoggy days in major Pakistan cities is of major concern to the general public. This paper explores the major sources of pollutants total suspended particles and lead concentration, a key contributor to the smog in Faisalabad, one of the largest cities in Pakistan. Evidence indicates that the total suspended particles and lead concentration formed through NOx, SOx, NH₃, VOCs, etc. have a strong impact on human health. As a result, air pollution control should not simply focus on controlling particulate emission, but should involve adopting an integrated multi pollutant control strategy. In addition to identifying the major sources of air pollution, this paper explores its impact on environmental and human health. The results also compare with the permissible limit of NEQS and USEPA standards. The study shows that TSP concentration 80% values within the permissible limits of ambient air quality according to the standards of USEPA and NEQS. In the samples, Lead concentration is higher than the USEPA and NEQS standards of ambient air quality 1.5μg/m³ and 2μg/m³ respectively. The research suggests that adequate government regulation, public awareness, regional collaboration and industrial compliance are keys to successfully controlling air pollution.

Abstract: This paper makes a survey on water ecological environment of Beidaihe area of China. It analyzed the main factors influencing water ecological environment, including upstream section of river water quality; ecological runoff is not enough; breed unitary and overfishing; lack specialized management institutions. This paper put forward the measures and suggestions on water ecological environment protection: establishment transregional river pollution management mechanism; strengthen wetland protected area construction; develop the publicity channels and increase public awareness of ecological protection.

Abstract: The study takes Shiyang River Basin as a study area, and bases on resource environment-population, social economy-ecological environmental stress and response, and combines the present situation of ecological environment in Shiyang river basin as well as its influencing factors to construct the comprehensive evaluation index.The results show that:(1)The quality of eco-environment in Shiyang River Basin is low, and it shows the descendent trend year by year. The comprehensive evaluation index of ecological environment decreased from 5.05 in 2000 to 3.70 in 2012.(2)Seen from spatial distribution, the order of the descending degrees of the comprehensive evaluation index of ecological environment in Shiyang river basin in recent year is Yongchang County, Su yugur autonomous county, Liangzhou district, Gulang county, Tianzhu Tibetan autonomous country, Minqin county and Jinchuan district.(3) Inside the Shiyang River Basin, because of the dual effects from natural conditions and human activities, the eco-environment in the main ecological barrier regions such as Minqin and Wuwei oasis have changed obviously, especially in MinQin oasis.

Abstract: This paper briefly introduces the importance of the process of coal mining and mining later land reclamation and ecological restoration and the characteristics of the land ecological reconstruction of mining area. According to the research results of mine disaster in Chongqing area and the existing environment prevention and harnessing measures, make division of geological disasters, and put forward the corresponding control measures.

Abstract: As a supplementary theory of ecological system research, ecological stoichiometry has been applied to many research fields of wetland ecosystems at home and abroad. This article reported carbon nitrogen phosphorus element stoichiometry of soil, vegetation, among different components and after artificial disturbance in wetland ecosystems. Research showed that wetland ecological stoichiometry characteristics have important influences on the change and their interaction of carbon nitrogen phosphorus in the whole system and the internal mechanism of the carbon nitrogen phosphorus balance of wetland ecosystems. At the same time, it has provided an important reference for the management and protection of wetland ecological system.

Abstract: The method of activated sludge has been widely used in the process of sewage treatment for its high-efficiency and low-consumption. The effect of Fe³⁺ on microbial growth and physical and chemical properties of activated sludge were studied to obtain relevant parameters for the running of activated sludge system in this paper. Firstly, study on the effect of Fe³⁺ on microbial growth was carried out. The experiment results showed that the lag phase of microbial growth was obviously reduced with the presence of Fe3+, obtaining advancing into the logarithmic phase. Whats more, the value of OD600 reached to the maximum of 0.615 at 12h when the concentration of Fe³⁺ was 30mg/L. Secondly, the effects of Fe³⁺ on the wastewater treatment and that of the performance index include SVI and MLSS were studied. The results indicated that SVI decreased with increasing the dosages of Fe³⁺,while MLSS and removal rate of COD obviously increased which reach to the maximum of 88.21% when the concentration of Fe³⁺ was 30mg/L.