Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: A review on the sources, current status and related disposal technology of industrial hazardous waste (IHW) in domestic and overseas. The diverse and complicated sources of current solid waste were analyzed. Based on the current researches on the disposal technology and management of IHW, approaches for the development of the solid waste disposal technology was recommended. According to this research, the government should increase the investment to introduce advanced disposal technology and management from abroad, and improve the level of disposal facilities.

Abstract: The formation of culture medium plays a crucial role in whether roofs greening could be succeeded or otherwise, particularly for completed buildings. In this study, waste fiber Tencel ®, low-melting point fiber (PET) and waste fiber (PET) are chosen to be laminated into a medium with 15 cm in its thickness due to reducing the load on the roof and culture soil; meanwhile, two kinds of herbaceous plants, Ruellia brittoniana Leonard and Alternanthera versicolor, are planted in order to regulate the improved adequacy of culture medium. The result of this empirical experiment indicates the life of herbaceous plants can be maintained in the improved culture medium, and the selective materials, manufacturing parameter along with layers of culture soil that undergo a series of tests, such as water permeability, moisture content and water retention. The evidence spontaneously bears out the fact that the waste fabric improved culture medium shares the identical eco-greening functionality as the traditional cultivated soil does; by doing so, not only the eco-appeal for utilization of waste and lightening the culture medium on the roof can be achieved, a benefic contribution could consequently be made to the improvement of urban greening.

Abstract: The present situation of composting greening wastes was reviewed in this paper. The feasibility of composting garden wastes was analyzed, and some related technical processes including the treatment of materials, the adjustment of C/N ratio, and the choice of strains were described. Then the use of composting products was analyzed at home and abroad. Finally, the prospect of waste composting in China was discussed.

Abstract: Based on An / OSBR, the paper explores the different sludge loading and nitrate concentrations under the conditions of An / OSBR effects of biological phosphorus removal systems.The influent phosphorus concentration constant at 10 ± 0.5mg / L, in order to compare the end of the anaerobic and effluent TP concentration.The results showed that: ①With the increasing of nitrate concentrations , PAOs release phosphorus in the anaerobic reaction zone is decreased, nitrate appears to reduce the synthesis of PHB, which is due to PHB synthesis and denitrification requires a simple carbon source as hydrogen donor, resulting in competition;② With the COD sludge load increases, the effluent TP concentration decreased, when the COD sludge load ≥ 0.46mgCOD/mgMLSS · d, the effluent TP concentrations is less than 1mg / L;③ When the reaction temperature was 25 °C and 15 °C , the releasing phosphorus in anaerobic and COD sludge load have a good correlation,Linear relationship between the two were: y = 0.72 +71.91 x ( 25 °C), y = 2.81 +73.33 x (15 °C);

Abstract: The content of AP and Al in waste propellant and waste water produced by high pressure waterjet clearing HTPB propellant were determined according to some relative standard methods. The results show that the content of AP in the waste propellant with diameter less than 3mm drops from 69.5% to 35.28%, while the loss of Al and adhesives is slight; in the waste propellant with diameter larger than 3mm, the component content is close to normal charge with the increase in radial depth; the content of AP and Al in the waste water are 8368mg/L and 0.157mg/L respectively. Based on above results, the proper treatments of the wastes were chosen: the waste propellant can be used as auxiliary fuel for boilers after leaching AP out with the waste water; the waste water should be treated with biological methods to remove ammonia nitrogen and perchlorate in it.

Abstract: Greening waste biomass is a potentially underutilized renewable biofuel feedstock.Economic, efficient and resource utilization of greening waste is one of important content in modern urban development. In view of the difficulty of disposing the increasing greening waste in China, this paper described the situation of the greening waste disposal and utilization in China. Then it introduced the foreign and domestic development and utilization of greening waste biomass energy. Last, the paper pointed out that compared with developed countries, there were still existed many problems in China. So it needs to solve the existing problems to achieve sustainable development of greening waste.

Abstract: To achieve the principles of reduction, resource and harmless disposal of domestic waste, developed countries started early domestic waste classification management, and the management methods are extremely strict and detailed. The classification method, classification requirements and collection methods of domestic waste in several developed countries were discussed, hope can provide reference and guidance for the classification, collection management of domestic waste in China.

Abstract: Because of high moisture content and compact structure, composting kitchen waste would discharge by-products such as leachate, ammonia (NH₃), and greenhouse gases, and these can cause secondary environmental pollution. In this study, continuous measurements of gas emissions were carried out and detailed gas emission patterns were obtained using forced aeration system at aerations of 2·10^-4 (T1), 4·10^-4 (A2) and 6·10^-4 ( (A3) m³·kgDM^-1·min^-1. During the experiment, temperature and oxygen content were determined, and continuous measurements of NH₃ and gaseous emissions (CH₄, N₂O, and NH₃) were taken. The results indicated that the aeration had a significant effect on NH₃, CH₄ and N₂O emission (p<0.05). The highest concentration of NH₃, CH₄ and N₂O were all observed in the treatment of T2. The productions of NH₃ were reduced by 59.6% and 33.7%, and greenhouse gases (GHG) were reduced by 50.8% and 40.5% for T1 and T2 that compared to T3, respectively. Obviously, the aeration has great influence on NH₃ and GHG emissions. In this study, the aeration was 2·10^-4 m³·kgDM^-1·min^-1 in favor of NH₃ and GHG reduction.

Abstract: Bio-oil production from sewage sludge provides a potential sludge treatment alternative, which shows advantages in both sludge treatment and energy recovery. The related technologies to convert sludge into high quality fuel or synthesized bio-diesel have been widely studied recently. In this paper, major effective technologies of low temperature pyrolysis, direct thermochemical liquefaction, microwave pyrolysis and transesterification had been reviewed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed in detail.

Abstract: Sludges resulting from wastewater treatment processes have a characteristically high water content, which complicates thermal-chemistry disposal. In this paper, taking domestic sewage sludge as the object, on the base of analysis on the material characteristics, the material and energy equilibrium calculation was carried out to study the effect of moisture content in sludge on thermal-chemistry disposal. The results showed that as the moisture content increased, incinerator temperature would reduce and the quality of the gasification gas would decrease with lower calorific value. When the moisture content in sludge increased, the amount of air required for gasification increased, wet gas production rate raised and dry gas production rate decreased, gasification efficiency and thermal efficiency were lower. For the sludge studied, it was required to control the moisture content in sludge to 55% or less if the incinerator temperature of 800 °C and above was wanted; if gasification gas calorific value was required to reach 2MJ/m³ and above, the moisture content in sludge must be controlled at 25% or less.