Advanced Materials Research Vols. 955-959

Abstract: Given the increasing groundwater exploitation, an attempt is enforced to establish the hydro geological conceptual model of this area. This carries on the numerical simulation of groundwater flow by using the IGW, which is known as the international standard software. The mathematical model established in this paper has reflected the local practical hydro geological conditions and can be used to predict and manage groundwater resources.

Abstract: The recurring problem of calculating the normal depth in a trapezoidal open channel is easily solved by the rough model method. The Darcy-Weisbach relationship is applied to a referential rough model whose friction factor is arbitrarily chosen. This leads to establish the non-dimensional normal depth relationship in the rough model. Through a non-dimensional correction factor of linear dimension, the aspect ratio and therefore normal depth in the studied channel is deduced. Keywords: Rough model method, Trapezoidal channel, Normal depth, Turbulent flow, Discharge, Energy slope.

Abstract: Based on the traditional differential hydrological grey-model, this paper applied the annual/seasonal index to data pre-processing of precipitation and runoff and established the Differential Hydrological Grey Self-memory Model with the self-memory theory. The model was used to simulate and predict the runoff in different time scales. The results showed that:1The model performed much better in year time scale with achieving precision requirement of hydrological model;2the relative deviation was decreased to 0.6%, the correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe were raised to 0.744 and 0.704 respectively with the pre-processing data of precipitation and runoff;3the model was applicable to predicting the runoff especially in the year time scale. The structure model was simple and easy to be calculated, nevertheless, the factors of evaporation, land-use and human activity should be taken into consideration so that the model can be more perfect. Keywords: Grey model; self-memory theory; annual/seasonal index; runoff

Abstract: The Weihe River is an upstream tributary of the Yellow River that is heavily influenced by excessive pollutant discharge. In this study, the water quality of the Weihe River was studied based on five water quality indices: COD_Mn (chemical oxygen demand), BOD₅ (biochemical oxygen demand), NH₃-N (ammonia nitrogen), DO (dissolved oxygen), and PPI (potassium permanganate index), using monitoring data collected from 13 river sections in the middle and lower reaches of the river from 2001 to 2010. Our results showed that the water quality tended to deteriorate from the upper to the lower reaches of the river. Additionally, COD_Mn, NH₃-N and PPI were found to be the major factors resulting in water pollution over time in all river sections, but the pollutant concentrations with the interannual variability differed in every section. Therefore, many efficient and reasonable measures should be carried out to control water pollution and improve water quality in the Weihe River.

Abstract: Xitiaoxi River is the main discharge river of Taihu Lake. It is important to research changes of suspended sediment nutrients and their provenances for the water environment management. This paper analyzes temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in suspended sediments (SS) and establishes the geochemical model to quantify the proportions of SS sources with geochemical parameters in different reaches. The results show that the contents of SS and its nutrients of the downstream are significantly higher than the upstream and midstream. The contents of nutrients in SS in dry season are higher than in wet season. The C/N and IP/OP ratios of SS can effectively reflect the material source types in the different reaches, which are associated with land use types. Woodland is relatively higher contribution to SS in the upstream, arable lands become a major contributor to SS in the midstream, while urban land is the highest contribution to SS in the downstream. Seasonal changes also affect the contributions of land use to SS. Woodland and urban land show more contributions to SS in wet season than in dry season, whereas arable land and bank sediment show the higher proportions for SS source.

Abstract: Based on the daily rainfall data of 145 meteorological stations in the Yellow River basin, the spatial and temporal variations characteristic of erosive rainfall was analyzed by using statistical methods. The results show that the trend of the erosion precipitation, extreme precipitation and annual precipitation is significantly reduced. The erosion precipitation, extreme precipitation and annual precipitation are decrease from southeast to northwest. The long-term trends of different intensities rainfall is non-uniformity in space nearly 50 years. The erosion precipitation and annual precipitation are increasing in most areas of the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin, and are decreasing in the others areas, especially decreasing significantly in the water and soil loss of serious erosion in the Loess Plateau.

Abstract: In order to grasp the status of water resources argumentation for planning in China and improve the level of the argumentation, the water resources argumentation for planning cases, the water resources planning cases and the water resources argumentation for project cases were analyzed. The ideas, contents and technical methods of water resources argumentation for planning were still under the influence of the water resources argumentation for project. Our results suggest that legislation, argumentation bases, technical requirements and pilot study should be completed further according to the planning characters.

Abstract: The morphology, interspace of a novel nanofiber membrane are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membrane, named M-1, is prepared from chloridized polyvinyl chloride by high-voltage electrospinning process. The removals of divalent metal cations including Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from the simulated groundwater by M-1 have been investigated. From static adsorption experiments, maximum uptakes of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ and their adsorption equilibrium time have been obtained respectively in the simulated groundwater.

Abstract: The core of this research was to study the amount, diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of soil Actinomycetes at lakeside of swamping wetland. In this study, Amount of Actinomycetes were determined through plate counting method, which was in Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa and Nitraria tangutorum growing soil at the upstream, midstream and downstream of Wuliangsuhai. Community structure of Actinomycetes were analyzed on the basis of it‘s diversity index (H), evenness index (J), richness index (R) and dominance index (D). The results showed that, the diversity, richness and dominance of Actinomycetes were all affected by the types of plants, and showed significant difference among them. However, there was no significant difference for evenness. What’s more, both the order of diversity and richness in different plants growing soil were: Nitraria tangutorum> Suaeda salsa >Phragmites australis. And the order of dominance was: Suaeda salsa >Phragmites australis >Nitraria tangutorum. Dominant bacteria in Phragmites australis was Flavus, accounting for 85%, dominant bacteria in Nitraria tangutorum were Albosporus and Flavus, which accounted for 54.8% and 26%, and dominant bacteria in Suaeda salsa were Albosporus, Albosporus and Flavus, accounted for 26.7%, 23.5%. As the succession from Phragmites australis swamp to Suaeda salsa Saline meadow, and then to Nitraria tangutorum desert in Wuliangsuhai, the composition and structure of Actinomycetes there are changing at the same time.

Abstract: To improve water quality and alleviate pollution in Changshou-Fuling section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, an analysis methodology of regional key discharge outlet based on hydrodynamic-water quality model was developed. The EFDC model was used to study the impact of different discharge outlets on the transport of contamination in the study area by using the concept of pollutant mixing zone and pollutant mixing zone per unit load. Model calibration was conducted using observed data in 2008. Results indicated that EFDC could perfectly simulate hydrodynamics characteristics and contaminant transport process. Calculated results of pollutant mixing zone per unit load showed that the discharge outlet location in Fuling is more reasonable than that in Changshou. This study provides useful information for optimization of discharge outlets location and prediction of pollutant mixing zone in the study area, which is important for the government to make water pollution control measures.