Advanced Materials Research Vols. 962-965

Abstract: In order to study the impact of cultivar, harvesting time, growth part and fixation on the bioactive compounds contents in mulberry leaves, four cultivars of mulberry leaves were analyzed for their total flavonoids content, total phenolic acids content, and alkaloids content. The results indicated that cultivar, harvesting time, growth part and fixation markedly affected the bioactive compounds content in mulberry leaves. XianghaiNo.1 contents the highest phenolic and alkaloids among the four cultivars, about4.25% and 10.33%. Contents of the bioactive compounds reduced as the part of leaves rises up. The highest content of the parts is the tip of leaves, about 4.25%, 10.33%, 8.49%.With the pushing of harvest time, the contents of the bioactive compounds showed a decreasing trend after the first increase, harvested in mid-August reached the highest, about 7.09%, 10.33%, 8.65%. Mulberry leaves had no fixation contains higher bioactive compounds, about 2.89%, 8.64%, and 4.81%. On the basis of these data, XianghaiNo.1 is suggested to be the best cultivar; tips of mulberry leaves containing more biological active substances; and the best harvest period is mid-August; also, in order to ensure the content of bioactive substances in mulberry leaves, the fixing technology need to be improved.

Abstract: To prepare a homogenous low-molecular-weight chitosan oligosaccharide with high solubility and physiological activity, the CTS-Cu (II) chelate was degraded by cellulose, xylanase, semi-cellulase, pectinase, lipase. Cellulose was used to investigate the enzymolysis of the CTS-Cu (II) chelates at various chelation rates. The oligochitosan yields were determined by ultrafiltration and spectrophotometry. The molecular weight distributions of the degradation products were compared by gel column chromatography. Results showed that the generation of the CTS-Cu (II) chelate promoted chitosan degradation. Product yield can be changed by controlling the chelation rates of the CTS-Cu (II) chelates. When the CTS-Cu (II) chelate was degraded at a chelation rate of 100%, most molecular weights of the products were about 2500 Da, and the oligochitosan yield was 89.21%. All these results provided a theoretical basis and experimental method for preparing oligochitosan with a homogenous molecular weight.

Abstract: As a hydrophilic polysaccharide, Mesona Blumes gum (MBG) -enables to improve the quality and retard the staling of breads. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of MBG on the enhancement of the quality and the staling of wheat breads. The bakery samples were stored in a polyethylene bag for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days at 25oC. Our findings indicated that MBG can improve the parameters such as width/height ratio, specific volume and moisture content of wheat breads. The texture profiles (hardness, cohesiveness, springing, chewiness) were measured through texture profile analysis (TPA). The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TPA revealed that MBG can retard bread staling, further prolonging its shelf life. The microstructure of bread was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), illustrating that MBG have the ability to enhance the gelatinization of starch with a dense, uniform and small size pore texture.

Abstract: The aim was to study the preservation of pre-storage on Newhall Navel Orange. The result showed that oranges with 4 days’ pre-storage had a lower rate of decay, respiration and weight loss and higher content of Vitamin C, which meant that 4 days’ pre-storage could keep the quality and extend the preservation.

Abstract: Based on the single factor analysis, the effect of extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid to liquid ratio on enhancing crude extracts of essential oil yield from Areca catechu L. flowers was evaluated by response surface analysis (RSA). A three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was applied and the interactions of each factor on the essential oil crude extracts yield were also investigated. The test data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed using the appropriate statistical methods. The optimal conditions were at 90 min extraction time, 60°C extraction temperature, and 15:1 solid to liquid ratio using petroleum ether with a boiling range of 60~90°C as the extraction agent. Under such conditions, the essential oil crude extracts yield is 2.52% after three runs.

Abstract: This study analysis the national determinant in the coffee consumption. The final dataset includes 136 countries and nine variables, coffee consumption, GDP, the number of vehicles per capita, and electricity consumption, education, tourism spending, literacy, drinking water quality population density, and the average life expectancy which are all collected from global international independent institutes. In our research, we use the regression model to interpret what the determinant can predict the coffee consumption in a country. We further discussed our research in descriptive statistics analysis, stepwise regression analysis, control some variables, and also multivariate regression analysis. The result showed that the economic factor, i.e. the GDP, play the most important role in the coffee consumption and significantly. The R-Sq (Adj) for this regression model was 59.1%.

Abstract: From the view of material metabolism efficiency, resource productivity in Liaoning Province has been improved strikingly as well as the material metabolism efficiency and the material excretion efficiency. From 2006, the material consumption per GDP and the reducing speed of garbage output quantity are slowing down while the material metabolism efficiency is stepping into a gradually-improving period. The environmental impact model IPAT created by Professor Ehrlich has been used for calculating the changes of environmental impact these years. The result shows that environmental impact in Liaoning Province tends to raise gradually, so the task of lowering resources and environment pressure in the future is quite urgent and it is necessary to seek for a reasonable material resource configuration.

Abstract: Analyses of climate disasters were conducted using data on the flood-damaged areas of cropland, the annual number of flood disasters and the direct economic losses in Xinjiang. There is an increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang during the second half of the 20th century, especially since the mid-1980s. In addition, siltation of reservoirs and loss of flood control structures are partly responsible for the increase of flood-damaged area. These results suggest that the increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang since the middle 1980s could be attributed, at least in part, to an increasing trend in annual precipitation.

Abstract: Saline aquifer storage is considered to be one of the main ways to realize CO₂ geological sequestration. The purpose of the paper is to research CO₂ and water seepage characteristics under the condition of different pressure and diameter of glass sand. First, establish four kinds of sand packed beds pore network model. Secondly, measuring the gas-liquid interfacial tension, contact angle under the condition of 50°C and different pressure (5-20MPa). Finally, using the two-phase flow model, obtain the gas-liquid two-phase relative permeability curves under different conditions. The simulation results of this paper can help to predict the actual saline aquifer storage of CO₂ sequestration.

Abstract: The calculation methodology of transport carbon emissions, based on the methodology recommended by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the energy consumption statistics of provincial transport industry in China, is proposed. By using the methodology, the energy consumption and carbon emissions of highway, waterway and urban passenger transport from 2005 to 2012 of Jiangsu Province are calculated and evaluated. And the developing trends and main features from the perspectives of the total amount of transport energy consumption and carbon emissions, the proportional of both various energy types and various transport modes in the energy consumption, the energy intensity and carbon dioxide intensity, are systematically analyzed. Finally, some policy implications of low-carbon transport development were conclusively put forward, including reducing energy intensity and carbon intensity as the core focus, the highway transport as the breakthrough point, optimizing the integrated transport system structure and developing of public transport in priority as the strategic orientation, developing clean and low-carbon energy as an important way, etc. The research methodology and results can provide references for decision-making and management of the relevant provinces and cities on low-carbon transport development.