Advanced Materials Research Vol. 979

Abstract: This work was investigated on gamma ray scintillation response of inorganic scintillators. BGO and CsI(Tl) was carried out in the energies ranging from 59 keV to 1332 keV. The scintillation responses of the crystals were measured using photomultiplier tube (R1306 PMT) readout. The light yield non-proportionality and energy resolution were analyzed with Gamma Acquisition & Analysis program. The photofraction for both crystals was determined and compared with the cross-section ratio which calculated by WinXCom program.

Abstract: Deposition of aluminum and zinc targets was carried out by DC magnetron sputtering to produce aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films. These films were deposited on quartz, glass and silicon substrates under 5.5x10^-3 mbar pressure. At a ratio of argon gas to oxygen gas (Ar:O₂) of 5:10 and a voltage at zinc target of260 V, AZO thin films were deposited at different currents at aluminum target such as 900, 1,000, 1,100 and 1,200 mA. Effect of current at aluminum target on the structural, optical and electrical properties of resulting films was studied. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed incorporation of aluminum in ZnO lattice. The thickness measurement by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the thickness of AZO thin films is in the range of 270–350 nm. An average transmittance of above 80% in the visible wavelength region was obtained for aluminum doped zinc oxide. The optical direct bandgap and the resistivity of AZO thin films were found in the range 3.3-3.5eV and 6.0x10^-1-9.0x10^-1 Ωcm; respectively.

Abstract: The DC glow discharge of nitrogen gas was carried out by 5 kV DC power supply, which was used to bias voltage between two parallel plate electrodes in the cylindrical glass tube chamber. The distance between two parallel plate electrodes was about 37.5 cm. The voltage was applied on these electrodes between 800 V to 1400 V. The nitrogen pressure in the cylindrical glass tube chamber was controlled by rotary pump and vacuum value. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was used to investigate the local emissivity of nitrogen glow discharge in the range between 200 and 1,100 nm. The spatial distribution of reactive species was measured at different nitrogen pressures from 0.15-1.90 mbar. These measurements were obtained to analyze the electron temperature. The effect of different nitrogen pressures was studied on the electron temperature and the configuration of nitrogen plasma. In the result, it was found that the plasma column increased with increasing the nitrogen pressure. The electron temperature was less than 0.8 eV.

Abstract: Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. Fe-based superconductors are superconductors whose containing iron compounds and having a very high critical magnetic field. London penetration depth can assist in the study of the behavior of the critical magnetic field. The London penetration depth is the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to 0.367879 times that of the magnetic field at the surface of the superconductor. In this paper, the London penetration depth of Fe-based superconductors is studied by Ginzburg-Landau scenery. Free energy of Fe-based superconductors is assumed by modified the free energy of two-band magnetic superconductors model and theof Fe-based superconductors is derived analytically. Finally, the temperature dependence of is investigated and applied to Single-Crystal superconductors.

Abstract: In this paper, the CuFeO₂ compound were prepared by classical solid state reaction (CSSR) and direct powder dissolved solution (DPDS) method from starting material metal oxides and metal powders. Preparation of two methods shows that, direct powder dissolved solution faster recover phases than classical solid state reaction method. The fastest method gets from starting materials Cu and Fe metal powders, the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, carrier concentration and mobility are 10.68 S/cm, 244.59 μV/K, 12.86×10¹⁶ cm^-3 and 494.96 cm²/V.s, respectively. In addition, each CuFeO₂ compounds were investigated on crystal structure and electrical properties. From XRD and SEM results, all samples have a crystal structure delafossite-typeand a large grain boundary more than 15 μm by electrical conductivity corresponds to grain boundary and lattice parameter: a increases. Within this paper, from above results exhibit that preparation CuFeO₂ from Cu and Fe by direct powder dissolved solution method most appropriate for thermoelectric oxide materials due to high active for preparation else high lattice strain and high power factor are 0.00052 and 0.64×10^-4 W/mK², respectively.

Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties of the methyl cellulose. The information of this investigate has been used to reference in preparing biodegradable film. It was observed that the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy show the hydrogen bond’s formation and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) show the chemical and level of the composition element, which Copper (Cu) has the highest accumulate. Another that, the XRD spectra which investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) show the methyl cellulose had lowered crystalline. Another that, the Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the effect of heating and influence of thermal.

Abstract: The aims of this work to develop biodegradable films base on chitosan. The physical and chemical properties such as transparency, structural, mechanical and the intermolecular interaction were analyzed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy show the chitosan could form homogenous film, and the XRD pattern from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated that the crystalline was suppressed after film forming process. Another that, the tensile strength, % elongation and Young’s modulus values of the films were investigated. All information was evaluated for potentiality to apply in processed conservation of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Abstract: This work aims at characterizing the thermal and physical properties of chitosan. The samples were evaluated for potentiality to use as raw material for biodegradable films raw material. Their thermal and physical properties have been also discussed in detail which Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively. The result of the XRD pattern indicated the sample has amorphous-crystalline structure and FTIR results confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl groups of the sample. In good agreement between the EDXRF and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and volatile material.

Abstract: The physicochemical of methylcellulose (MC) base edible films were investigated in this work. The characterization of MC used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy for investigated the crystalline, the composition element, and the intermolecular interaction, respectively. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated MC has amorphous structure. The chemical composition by XRF reported that Silver (Ag) have been detect and the hydrogen bonding formation between MC investigated with FTIR spectra, which interpreted in terms of the symmetry distortion of hydroxyl stretch. Another that, the mechanical properties tensile strength (TS) elastic modulus (EM) and elongation (E) values were investigated.

Abstract: In present study, the phase transformations upon heat treatment were investigated and assessment the possibilities to produce the raw material in the production of low-cost natural adsorbents which have appropriate physical and mechanical characteristics. The physical-chemical properties of agricultural material were identified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD pattern suggest that the Babylonia areolata shells sample have the aragonite phase while the rice husk and the coconut lumber sawdust have amorphous structure. After that, all samples were annealed at different temperatures ranging from 300 to 900°C, another that, all samples have been transform structural in to Oxide compound. Moreover, the chemical compositions were investigated by XRF and FTIR was developed for analysis of functional group and their chemical bonding characteristics.