Cylindricity Error by Least Square and Minimum Zone Fitting

Abstract:

The use of geometric tolerances is becoming increasingly common in the field of mechanical engineering, especially for parts with complex shapes and tight tolerances. The tolerancing process, which determines the type and size of tolerances to be applied, requires a multi-purpose analysis. Tolerancing considers the analysis of functional requirements, manufacturability considerations, the proper application of drawing specifications, and the measurement process. In our research, the cylindricity and circularity errors of machined holes are examined as a function of machining parameters and circumstances in different steel materials. The holes investigated in this article were made using three different machining processes - turning, boring and milling - from C45 steel. The aim of the article is to present the least square (LS) and minimum zone (MZ) methods for evaluating the cylindricity error, and to compare the results of the two analyses by statistical methods. In addition to the evaluation based on 264 points recorded on a coordinate measuring machine, the article also presents the deviation of the point cloud created using the Halton-Zeremba point sampling method, demonstrating the effect of the number of measurement points on the value of the cylindricity error and the diameter.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 181)
• Pages: 149-160
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-qWfT1A
• Online since: August 2026
• Authors: Viktor Gergely Ráczi, Balázs Mikó*
• Keywords: Cutting Methods, Cylindricity, Fitting, Geometric Product Specification, Point Sampling

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