Copper, Iron and Aluminium Electrochemical Corrosion Investigation during Electrolysis and Temperature Increasing

Mykhaylo V. Yarmolenko; Sergii O. Mogilei

doi:10.4028/p-5pUGB3

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HomeDefect and Diffusion ForumDefect and Diffusion Forum Vol. 429Copper, Iron and Aluminium Electrochemical...

Copper, Iron and Aluminium Electrochemical Corrosion Investigation during Electrolysis and Temperature Increasing

Abstract:

An experimental method to calculate average charge of metal ions by electrolysis at different temperatures is proposed. Aluminium undergoes dissolution to the Al³⁺ ions at all temperatures. Iron undergoes dissolution to the Fe²⁺ or the Fe³⁺ ions and copper undergoes dissolution to the Cu⁺ or the Cu²⁺. It depends on temperature and electric current density. Direct electric current value and anode mass decreasing were measured during electrolysis into concentrated NaCl solution in water (5 mol/kg or 23.1%, freezing point equals -22°C, pH 6.5–7.5) at room temperature and 100°C. The average charges of copper, iron, and aluminium ions were calculated using Faraday’s law of electrolysis at electric current density 3,000 A/m² (or 30 A/dm²): +3 for aluminium; +2 for iron; and +1 for copper at room temperature, and +3 for aluminium; +2 for iron; and +1.5 for copper at temperature 100°C. The main condition was z_Al=3. We concluded that calculations of the average metal ions charges, z_Fe and z_Cu, were correct since z_Al=3. The result is as follows: the Al³⁺, the Fe²⁺, and the Cu⁺ ions dissolve into concentrated NaCl solution in water at room temperature; the Al³⁺, the Fe²⁺, the Cu⁺ and the Cu²⁺ ions (50%/50%) dissolve into the solution at temperature 100°C. We have obtained experimentally and by mathematical modelling that aluminium anodes (cylindrical or spherical) dissolve into the solution more rapidly with temperature increasing during electrolysis accordingly to the Arrhenius law, while copper anodes (cylindrical or spherical) dissolve more slowly with temperature increasing from room temperature to temperature 180°C like “inverse Arrhenius law”. Iron electrochemical corrosion rate practically does not depend on temperature below 100°C (and, obviously, up to 180°C) like “zeroth Arrhenius law”. The spherical anode effect is greater than the cylindrical anode effect in 1.5 times.

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Periodical:

Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 429)

Pages:

93-106

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5pUGB3

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Online since:

December 2023

Authors:

Mykhaylo V. Yarmolenko*, Sergii O. Mogilei

Keywords:

Aluminium, Arrhenius Law, Copper, Electrochemical Corrosion, Electrocoagulation, Electrolysis, Faraday’s Law, Iron, Mathematical Modelling

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References

[1] Lilja, C., King, F., Puigdomenech, I., and Pastina, B., 2021. Speciation of copper in high chloride concentrations, in the context of corrosion of copper canisters. Materials and Corrosion.; 72:293–299