Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

Abstract:

Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) with good properties are essential for the improvement of electrochemical operations. The increase in properties of polymer electrolyte membranes will develop the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes in the fuel cells. The importance of polymer electrolyte membranes is increasing recently due to its activity and simplicity in energy associated applications like automobiles and various portable applications. PEM has various properties like proton conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical properties, thermal stability and so on. These properties are enhanced and influenced by various factors like morphology, the molecular weight of the membranes, chemical structures, cross linkages etc. The present chapter attempts to summarize about the properties of polymer electrolyte membrane involved in the different types of electrochemical utilizations. Keywords: Polymer electrolyte membrane, fuel cells, morphology, proton conductivity, chemical structure.

• Periodical: Diffusion Foundations (Volume 23)
• Pages: 82-89
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DF.23.82
• Online since: August 2019
• Authors: Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar*, C. Femina Carolin
• Keywords: Chemical Structure, Fuel Cell, Morphology, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, Proton Conductivity

References

[1] L.O. Vasquez, Fuel Cell Research Trends, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, (2007).

[2] N. Angulakshmi, S. Thomas, K. S. Nahm, A. M. Stephan, R.N. Elizabeth, Electrochemical and mechanical properties of nanochitin-incorporated PVDF-HFP-based polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries, Ionics. 17 (2011) 407–414.

DOI: 10.1007/s11581-010-0517-z

[3] P.N. Pintauro, Perspectives on Membranes and Separators for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices, Polym. Rev. 55 (2015) 201-207.

DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1031378

[4] D.T. Hallinan, N. P. Balsara, Polymer electrolytes, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 43 (2013) 503–525.

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121705

[5] N. Sykam, R.K. Gautam, K.K. Kar, Electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of exfoliated graphite/phenolic resin composite bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, Polym. Eng. Sci. 55 (2015) 917–923.

DOI: 10.1002/pen.23959

[6] S. Lee, K. Yoon, M. Song, H. Peng, K. A. Page, C. L. Soles, D. Y. Yoon, Structure and Properties of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Phosphonic Acids for Anhydrous Fuel Cells, Chem. Mater. 24 (2012) 115−122.

DOI: 10.1021/cm202064x

[7] M. H. D. Othman, A. F. Ismail, A. Mustafa, Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application – A Review, Malaysian Polymer Journal. 5 (2010)1-36.

[8] H. Zhang, P. K. Shen, Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells, Chem. Rev.112(2012) 2780−2832.

DOI: 10.1021/cr200035s

[9] J. Hou, H.Yu, L.Wang, D. Xing, Z. Hou, P. Ming, Z. Shao, B. Yi, Conductivity of aromatic-based proton exchange membranes at subzero temperatures, J. Power Sources. 180 (2008) 232–237.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.052

[10] S. U. Çelik, A. Bozkurt, S. S. Hosseini, Alternatives toward proton conductive anhydrous membranes for fuel cells: Heterocyclic protogenic solvents comprising polymer electrolytes. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37 (2012) 1265–1291.

DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.11.006

[11] U. Sen, A. Bozkurt, A. Ata, Nafion/poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) blends as proton conducting membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources 195 (2010) 7720–7726.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.04.087

[12] E. Montoneri, V. Boffa, S. Bottigliengo, M. Casciola, M. Sganappa, A. Marigo, G. Speranza, L. Minati, S. Torrengo, G. Alberti, L. Bertinetti, A new polyfunctional acid material for solid state proton conductivity in dry environment: Nafion doped with difluoromethandiphosphonic acid. Solid State Ionics 181 (13–14) (2010) 578–585.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2010.03.001

[13] N. W. DeLuca, Y. A. Elabd, Polymer electrolyte membranes for the direct methanol fuel cell: A review, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 44 (2006) 2201–2225.

DOI: 10.1002/polb.20861

[14] J. Tang, W. Yuan, J. Wang, J. Tang, H. Li, Y. Zhang, Perfluorosulfonate ionomer membranes with improved through-plane proton conductivity fabricated under magnetic field, J. Membr. Sci. 423–424 (2012) 267–274.

DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.08.023

[15] G. G. Kumar, Irradiated PVdF-HFP-montmorillonite composite membranes for the application of direct ethanol fuel cells, J. Mater. Chem., 21 (2011) 17382–17391.

DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11528f

[16] G. Merle, S.S. Hosseiny, M. Wessling, K. Nijmeijer, New cross-linked PVA based polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci., 409–410 (2012) 191–199.

DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.056

[17] Y. Iwai, T. Yamanishi, Thermal stability of ion-exchange Nafion N117CS membranes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 94 (2009) 679–687.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.12.020

[18] L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, fourth ed., Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ, (2006).

[19] X. Fang, P. K. Shen, S. Song, V. Stergiopoulos, P. Tsiakaras, Degradation of perfluorinated sulfonic acid films: An in-situ infrared spectro-electrochemical study, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 94 (2009) 1707–1713.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.06.015

[20] H. T. Li, G. Zhang, W. J. Ma, C. J. Zhao, Y. Zhang, M. M. Han, J. Zhu, Z. G. Liu, J. Wu, H. Na, Composite membranes based on a novel benzimidazole grafted PEEK and SPEEK for fuel cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 35 (2010) 11172–11179.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.091

[21] J. Peron, A. Mani, X. Zhao, D. Edwards, M. Adachi, T. Soboleva, Z. Shi, Z. Xie, T. Navessin, S. Holdcroft, Properties of Nafion® NR-211 membranes for PEMFCs, J. Membr. Sci., 356 (2010) 44–51.

DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.03.025

[22] S. Zhang, X.-Z. Yuan, J.N.C. Hin, H. Wang, J. Wu, K.A. Friedrich, M. Schulze, Effects of open-circuit operation on membrane and catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 1142–1148.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.070

[23] M. Rikukawa, K. Sanui, Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers, Prog. Polym. Sci. 25 (2000) 1463-1502.

DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(00)00032-0

[24] M. Yoshitake, A. Watakabe, Perfluorinated ionic polymers for PEFCs (including supported PFSA), in Fuel Cell Handbook-I, Ed. Scherer, G.G., Advances in Polymer Science, Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2008, p.127–155.

DOI: 10.1007/12_2008_154