In Vitro Study: Bioactivity, Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Behavior for Polyetheretherketone Composites

Abstract:

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as alternate biomaterial to traditional metallic implant materials has become greater important. At the same time have greater chemical resistance, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and radiolucency, making it convenient for use as dental and orthopedic implants. In the present study the biological behavior was evaluated of polymer composites based polyetheretherketone combined with various nano hydroxyapatite and nano titanium dioxide blending up to (1.5 wt%). The bioactivity of the specimens was evaluated by investigation apatite formation after immersion for 7 days and 14 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). XRD and SEM were used to approve the bioactivity of the specimens. Cell viability, proliferation, and the cell attachment activity of L929 mouse fibroblast cells was evaluated after (1, 3 & 5) days by MTT assay. Antibacterial property of the specimens versus S. aureus was observed with optical density methods. The results detected that the apatite-like layer formation was clearly observed on specimens after immersion for different period in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, Results of MTT assay recorded the PEEK specimens excited the activity of fibroblasts and therefore a high cytocompatibility was noticed and specimens showed antibacterial properties against S. aureus.

• Periodical: Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 63)
• Pages: 11-26
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2faOvI
• Online since: November 2023
• Authors: Alaa A. Mohammed*, Emad S. Al-Hassani, Jawad K. Oleiwi
• Keywords: Antibacterial, Bioactivity, Biocompatibility, Polyetheretherketon, Polymer Composites

References

[1] R. Huiskes, R. Ruimerman, G. H. V. Lenthe and J. D. Janssen, Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of formin trabecular bone, Nature, 405(2000)704-706.

DOI: 10.1038/35015116

[2] K. B. Sagomonyants, M.L. Jarman-Smith, J.N. Devine, M.S. Aronow and G. A. Gronowicz, The in vitro response of human osteoblasts to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates compared to commercially pure titanium, Biomaterials , 29(2008)1563-1572.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.001

[3] T. Apeldorn, C. Keilholz, F. Wolff-Fabris and V. Altstädt, Dielectric properties of highly filled thermoplastics for printed circuit boards, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 128 (2013)3758-3770.

DOI: 10.1002/app.38602

[4] C.-M. Han, E.-J. Lee, H.-E. Kim, Y.-H. Koh, K. N. Kim, Y. Ha and S.-U. Kuh, The electron beam deposition of titanium on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and the resulting enhanced biological properties, Biomaterials, 31(2010) 3465-3470).

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.030

[5] X. Liu, K. Gan, H. Liu, X. Song, T. Chen and C. Liu, Antibacterial properties of nano-silver coated PEEKprepared through magnetron sputtering , Dental Materials, 33(2017) e348-e360.

DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.06.014

[6] M.S. Abu Bakar, M.H.W. Cheng, S.M. Tang, S.C. Yu, K. Liao, C.T. Tan, K.A. Khor, P. Cheang, Tensile properties, tension–tension fatigue and biological response of polyetheretherketone hydroxyapatite composites for load-bearing orthopedic implants, Biomaterials, 24 (2003)2245-2250.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00028-0

[7] S. Yu, K.P. Hariram, R. Kumara, P. Cheang and K.K. Aik, In vitro apatite formation and its growth kinetics on hydroxyapatite/ polyetheretherketone biocomposites, Biomaterials, 26 (2005) 2343–2352.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.028

[8] X. Wu, X. Liu, J. Wei, J. Ma, F. Deng and S. Wei, Nano-TiO2/PEEK bioactive composite as a bone substitute material: in vitro and in vivo studies, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7(2012) 1215–1225.

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28101

[9] L. Ren, S. Tang, X. Shen, C. Gao, Y. K. Jung, D. Wang, A. He, L. Yang, J. -W. Shin and J. Wei, Influences of sodium tantalite submicro-particles in polyetheretherketone based composites on behaviors of rBMSCs/HGE-1 cells for dental application, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 188(2020) 1107-1123.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110723

[10] A.A. Mohammed, E. S. Al-Hassani and J. K. Oleiwi, The Nanomechanical Characterization and Tensile Test of Polymer nanocomposites for Bioimplants, AIP Conferences Proceedings 2123, 020065(2019).

DOI: 10.1063/1.5116992

[11] A.A. Mohammed, E. S. Al-Hassani and J. K. Oleiwi, Evaluation of some properties of polyetheretherketone composites used for biomedical applications, 1st International Conference in Physical Science and Advance Materials, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 757 (2020) 012044.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/757/1/012044

[12] T. Kokubo and H. Takadama, How useful is SBF in Predicting in Vivo Bone Bioactivity, Biomaterials, 27(2006)2907-2915.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.017

[13] International Standard, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, 3rd Edition, ISO 10993-5 (2009) 1-11.

[14] M.T. Khorasani, A. Joorabloo, H. Adeli, Z. Mansoori-Moghadam, A. Moghaddam, Design and Optimization of Process Parameters of Polyvinyl (alcohol)/ Chitosan/Nano Zinc Oxide Hydrogels as Wound Healing Materials, Carbohydrate Polymers, 207(2019) 542-554.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.021

[15] Y. Rezaei, F.Moztarzadeh, S. Shahabi and M. Tahriri, Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Bioactivity of Sol-Gel-Derived SiO2-CaO-P2O5-MgO-SrO Bioactive Glass, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 44 (2014)692-701.

DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2013.783869

[16] F.E. Bastan, Fabrication and Characterization of An Electrostatically Bonded PEEK- Hydroxyapatite Composites for Biomedical Applications, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied.Biomaterials, 108(2020) 1-15.

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34583

[17] A.A. Mohammed, J.K. Oleiwi and E.S. Al-Hassani, Inflence of Nanoceramic on Some Properties of Poletheretherketone Based Biocomposite, Engineering and Technology Journal, 38A (2020)1126-1136.

[18] A.M. AlGhabban, R.A. Mohammed and J.R. Mahmood, Analysing Some Mechanical Propertries of Cinnamon Powder Reinforced with Polymeric Materials used in Dental Application, Engineering and Technology Journal, 37, 3A (2019) 96-105.

DOI: 10.30684/etj.37.3a.4

[19] A. Xu, X. Liu, X. Gao, F. Deng, Y. Deng and S. Wei, Enhancement of Osteogenesis on Micro/Nano-Topographical Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyetheretherketone Nanohydroxyapatite Biocomposite, Materials Science and Engineering C, 48 (2015)592–598.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.061

[20] K. Gan, H. Liu, L. Jiang, X. Liu, X. Song, D. Niu, T. Chen and C. Liu, "Bioactivity and Antibacterial Effect of Nitrogen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation on Polyetheretherketone", Dental Materials, 32 (2016) e263–e274).

DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.215

[21] W. Qin, J. Ma, Y. Li, Q. Liang and B. Tang, Mechanical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Hierarchical Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly (etherether-ketone) Composites Used as Implant Materials, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 89(2019) 227-233.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.040

[22] R. Ma, S. Tang, H. Tan, W. Lin, Y. Wang, J. Wei, L. Zhao and T. Tang, Preparation, Characterization, and in Vitro Osteoblast Functions of a Nano-Hydroxyapatite/ Polyetheretherketone Biocomposite As Orthopedic Implant Material, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9(2014)3949-3961.

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s67358

[23] O.S. Muhammed, A. Kh. Hussein and R. H.Abdel-Rahim, Effect of Filler Type on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fibers/ Polyester Composites, Engineering and Technology Journal, 31A (2013)2905-2924.

[24] A. A. Mohammed, J.K. Oleiwi and E. S. Al-Hassani, Heat Treatment Effect on Biological Behavior of Polyetheretherketone Composites, Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 54 (2022)119-128.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.54.119