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Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles (YSZrO2- NP) and Porcelain Particles on Property Enhancement of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Denture Composites

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Abstract:

The durability and strength of acrylic dentures are crucial for patient satisfaction and oral health. However, denture failure rates remain a significant concern. Reinforcing acrylic dentures with nanoparticles such as zirconia improves the mechanical properties of PMMA dentures. This study examines the enhancement of mechanical and physical properties of heat-cured PMMA dentures reinforced with varying amounts (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt.%) of YSZrO2-NP and porcelain particles. The components were fabricated with standard dimensions in a dental flask, compacted using a hydraulic press, and polymerized for 120 minutes in a thermos-stated water curing bath. The properties analyzed included flexural strength, hardness, wear resistance, microstructure, and biocompatibility. The Flexural strength increased significantly with YSZrO2-NP reinforcement (315% at 7 wt.%), whereas porcelain particles reinforcement showed a minimal increase (40% at 9 wt.%). Hardness slightly decreased for all YSZrO2-NP/PMMA compositions (51% at 9 wt.%), while porcelain reinforcement showed a slight increase across all amounts, reaching up to 11% at 9 wt.%. Wear resistance improved with all filler additions in the PMMA. SEM analysis revealed uniformly dispersed particles in the PMMA matrix for 1-5 wt. % porcelain particles and ZrO2NP composites. In contrast, 7-9 wt. % reinforcement showed non-uniform dispersion. Reinforcing PMMA with YSZrO2-NP and porcelain particles enhanced its mechanical and physical properties. Therefore, micro- and nanoparticles of ceramics are a viable option for improving the strength and rigidity of PMMA dentures.

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Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 70)

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21-41

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https://doi.org/10.4028/p-W3BfXD

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January 2026

Authors:

Ihuoma V. Diwe*, Henry E. Mgbemere, Olurotimi A. Adeleye, Bolanle Akinboboye

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Dentures, PMMA, Porcelain, Reinforcement, Zirconia Nanoparticles

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