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MRI Measurements of the Cartilage Contact Pattern of the Glenohumeral Joint During Rotation with Abduction under Static Conditions In Vivo

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Abstract:

The in vivo measurement of the cartilage contact area (CCA) during shoulder rotation remains unexplored. This study, therefore, investigates changes in the CCA and cartilage contact pattern (CCP) between the humeral head and glenoid during static rotation with abduction using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in subjects with normal shoulders. The study subjects were 14 Japanese men without a previous history of shoulder injury or disorder. MRI data were obtained from the transverse sections of the shoulder using a 3T-MRI scanner in the following four postures: neutral posture, posture at neutral rotation with 120° of abduction (AB posture), posture at 100° of external rotation with 120° of abduction (ER posture), and posture at 30° of internal rotation with 120° of abduction (IR posture). The CCA and CCP (contact centroid) of the glenohumeral joint were determined from the MRI data. The CCA in the AB posture was significantly smaller than that in the neutral posture (p = 0.015). The CCAs in the ER and IR postures were approximately 23.1% and 35.2% larger, respectively, than that in the AB posture. The contact centroid at the AB posture was located significantly more superior to those at the neutral, ER, and IR postures (p < 0.001, p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). Results offer new insights into the CCA and CCP of the glenohumeral joint during in vivo shoulder rotation. This study provides a useful reference dataset obtained from young participants with normal shoulders for understanding cartilage contact mechanics. Improved understanding of the contact pattern can help detect shoulder joint disorders and develop subsequent treatment and surgical strategies.

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Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 70 View Preview

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Periodical:

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 70)

Pages:

79-88

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5nXyGM

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Online since:

January 2026

Authors:

Satoshi Shimawaki*, Nur Fitrah Masa Ad, Mitsuru Toishi, Harushi Mori

Keywords:

Abduction, Biomechanics, Cartilage Contact Pattern, Glenohumeral Joint, In Vivo Measurement, Rotation

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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