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Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using S. Amaranthoides Leaf Extract via Response Surface Methodology for Enhanced Antibacterial Applications

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Abstract:

In this study, silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) were synthesised using S. amaranthoides leaf extract through a green synthesis approach, and their synthesis conditions were optimised using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The model was statistically significant (F-value = 12.21, p < 0.0017) and showed strong predictive capability (adjusted R² = 0.8631). Optimal synthesis was achieved with 1 mL of 1 mM AgNO₃, 20 minutes of extract exposure, and a reaction temperature of 70 °C. Characterisation techniques, including UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM, confirmed the formation of spherical, crystalline S-AgNPs capped with phytochemicals from the plant extract. Antibacterial analysis revealed potent activity, with the optimised S-AgNPs showing a maximum zone of inhibition of 25.8 mm against MRSA, outperforming the standard antibiotic ceftriaxone. These results demonstrate the efficacy of RSM in fine-tuning synthesis parameters to produce bioactive S-AgNPs using an eco-friendly and sustainable approach.

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Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 70 View Preview

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Periodical:

Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 70)

Pages:

43-62

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6LFbQn

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Online since:

January 2026

Authors:

Iram Shabbir Khan, Swarnalatha Yanamadala*, Senthilkumar Chinnaiyan, Narendran Chiterasu, Siddhika Kannan

Keywords:

Green Synthesis, Response Surface Methodology, S. Amaranthoides, Silver Nanoparticles, X-Ray Diffraction

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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