Eco-Friendly Non-Fired Tiles by Utilizing Waste Glass and Limestone Dust

Witsanu Loetchantharangkun; Chonlathit Pitipoomsuksan; Purinut Maingam; Ubolrat Wangrakdiskul

doi:10.4028/p-y2c5Xz

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HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 1053Eco-Friendly Non-Fired Tiles by Utilizing Waste...

Eco-Friendly Non-Fired Tiles by Utilizing Waste Glass and Limestone Dust

Abstract:

Increasingly accumulated as waste each year and depletion of fossil fuel, this leads to challenge work for alleviating this problem. Therefore, this research aimed to utilize clear glass cullet, for developing non-fired wall tiles. It need not to consume energy for firing. The base formulation of the experiment was composed of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), lateritic soil (LS), crushed limestone dust (CLD), and river sand (RS). The experimental design was divided into four groups: Group A was the control formulation, while Groups B, C, and D incorporated glass cullet as a partial replacement for OPC, LS, and CLD, respectively, at different levels. After mixing, the specimens were formed under a uniaxial pressure of 100 bar and subsequently cured at room temperature for 7 and 21 days. The properties evaluated included flexural strength, water absorption, linear shrinkage, and bulk density, with reference to the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) 2508–2555, type BIII. The results indicated that the replacement of clear glass cullet in OPC, LS, and CLD yielded an experimental formulation that satisfied the standard requirements. Specifically, formulation C3, consisting of 15% CGC, 22.5% OPC, 40% LS, 15% CLD, and 7.5% RS, achieved a flexural strength of 12.27 MPa and a water absorption of 13.92%. This formulation was identified as the optimum mix for the 21-day curing age because it satisfies the requirements of the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS). In addition, a microstructure analysis of selected specimens was conducted. It was found that formulation C3 revealed the highest formation of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel, which corresponded to its high bending strength.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1053)

Pages:

101-109

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-y2c5Xz

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Witsanu Loetchantharangkun, Chonlathit Pitipoomsuksan*, Purinut Maingam, Ubolrat Wangrakdiskul

Keywords:

Glass Cullet, Limestone Dust, Non Fired

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References

[1] Pollution Control Department. Report the situation of solid waste disposal locations in Thailand. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; 2024.