Low-Temperature Firing of Clay Tiles Incorporating Waste Glass, Sediment Soil, Volcanic Soil and Local Illite Clay

Chonlathit Pitipoomsuksan; Witsanu Loetchantharangkun; Wilaiwan Leenakul; Ubolrat Wangrakdiskul

doi:10.4028/p-J4il0y

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HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 1053Low-Temperature Firing of Clay Tiles Incorporating...

Low-Temperature Firing of Clay Tiles Incorporating Waste Glass, Sediment Soil, Volcanic Soil and Local Illite Clay

Abstract:

This paper aimed to develop low temperature firing of clay tiles. Waste glass had been reutilized for lowering the firing temperature of clay bodies. Alternative materials were also used in this study. They consisted of sediment soil, local volcanic soil, and local illite clay. In addition, boric oxide was also used as a sintering aid in this study. A total of 36 formulations were prepared, categorized into three main groups (A, B, and C). The samples were prepared by uniaxial pressing at 100 bars and then fired at 800 °C and 850 °C to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. The results indicated that formulation B12 (consisting of 75% CGC, 25% SVS, and 2% boric oxide) exhibited the highest flexural strength (26.05 MPa) and the lowest water absorption (0.26%) at 850 °C. Additionally, both B12 and C12 formulations fired at 800 °C also achieved the requirements of the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2508-2555) for types BIIb and BIII, respectively. Microstructural analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and phase identification through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that the crystalline phases cristobalite, wollastonite, and albite as well as amorphous glassy phases play key roles in improving the density and mechanical properties of ceramic bodies. It can be concluded that the combination of industrial waste and locally sourced natural clays in Thailand enables the development of eco-friendly clay tiles with suitable properties at low firing temperatures, in compliance with national ceramic product standards.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1053)

Pages:

91-100

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-J4il0y

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Chonlathit Pitipoomsuksan, Witsanu Loetchantharangkun*, Wilaiwan Leenakul, Ubolrat Wangrakdiskul

Keywords:

Eco-Friendly Ceramic, Illite Clay, Low-Temperature Firing, Volcanic Soil, Waste Glass

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References

[1] Pollution Control Department: Report the situation of solid waste disposal locations in Thailand (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok 2024).