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A Novel Graphene-Enhanced Phase Change Material Based Composite Aggregate for Energy Storage Concrete Applications

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Abstract:

Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly regarded as promising candidates for thermal energy storage (TES) in buildings. However, their low intrinsic thermal conductivity significantly limits their effectiveness. In this study, a novel thermal energy storage aggregate (TSA) was developed by integrating butyl stearate (BS) as a cost-effective organic PCM with high-conductivity graphene nanoplatelets (GN) embedded into expanded clay (EC) aggregates. The composite demonstrated improved thermal conductivity, with 2% GN by weight of PCM yielding the best results in terms of heat transfer and phase change performance. The TSA coated in a dual-layer system exhibited long-term stability and no leakage during thermal cycling. When incorporated into a concrete matrix, the thermal energy storage concrete (TSC) containing EC aggregates with 3.5 wt% 2GN-PCM effectively reduced peak ambient temperature fluctuations by up to 5.2 °C compared to concrete with EC at ≤5% and 50 % humidity. Thermal conductivity increased by 244% compared to normal concrete. Moreover, ultrasonic wave speed rose by ~20%, confirming improved homogeneity. These findings demonstrated that the proposed TSA is a robust and efficient solution for energy storage concrete that improves indoor comfort and energy savings in next-generation buildings.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1053)

Pages:

83-89

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-i5fHxA

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Online since:

May 2026

Authors:

Mahsa Salimi, Luigi de Nardo, Valter Carvelli*

Keywords:

Energy Storage Aggregate, Energy Storage Concrete, Graphene Nanoplatelets, Phase Change Materials

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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