Relationship between Molecular Structures of Organic-Sulfur Compounds and Metal Forming Performance

Abstract:

Oil with a chlorinated extremely-pressure additive (EP-additive) is effective to prevent galling in cold forming for stainless steel. However environmental issues have pressured the manufacture to replace this oil with high performance oil without chloride. Particularly, sulfur-based EP-additives are accepted as a practicable replacement for chlorinated EP-additives. Thus, the authors analyzed the structures of organic-sulfur compounds. Moreover, the effects of the molecular structures on the anti-galling performance are estimated by a cup internal ironing test. This test has been devised to classify the performance of sample oils by the ironing load and the damage on the workpiece after the test. Consequently, sulfurized olefin was superior to sulfurized ester and sulfurized fatty oil in cold ironing for stainless steel. It was also clarified that sulfur EP-additives generated iron sulfide and sulfate on the surface of stainless steel by using the surface analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 716)
• Pages: 190-198
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.716.190
• Online since: October 2016
• Authors: Tomohiro Takaki*, Shogo Ito, Kazuhiko Kitamura, Kazuhiro Yagishita, Junichi Shibata
• Keywords: Ironing, Molecular Structures, Organic-Sulfur Compounds, Stainless Steel

References

[1] National Toxicology Program, Technical Report Series 308 (1986).

[2] N. Bay, D. D. Olsson and J. L. Andreasen, Testing of Environmental Friendly Lubricants for Sheet Metal Forming, Advanced Tech. Plasticity (2005) 621-622.

[3] J. L. Andreasen, N. Bay, M. Andersen, E. Christensen and N. Bjerrum, Screening the Performance of Lubricants for Ironing of Stainless Steel with a Strip Reduction Test, Wear 207 (1997) 1-5.

DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1648(96)07462-5

[4] K. Kitamura, T. Ohmori, Evaluation of Galling Prevention Property of Cold Forging Oils for Stainless Steel, Advanced Tech. Plasticity (1999) 875-880.

[5] K. G. Allum, E. S. Forbes, The Load-Carrying Mechanism of Organic Sulfur Compounds Application of Electron Probe Microanalysis, ASLE Transactions 11-2 (1968) 162-175.

DOI: 10.1080/05698196808972219

[6] T. Kubo, I. Minami and S. Mori, Investigation of Tribochemical Reactions by Organic Sulfides on Nascent Metal Surfaces, Tribology Online 2-3 (2007) 89-92.

DOI: 10.2474/trol.2.89

[7] N. Sembongi, T. Tsujimoto, T. Takaki, K. Yagishita and T. Wakabayashi, Proceedings of 19th International Colloquium Tribology, Relationship between molecular structure of organo-sulfur compounds and machining performance (2014).

[8] M. Fujita, J. Japanese Society of Tribologists 12-1 (1967) 5-14. (in Japanese).

[9] S. Mori, K. Hori and Y. Tamai, J. Japanese Society of Tribologists 27-7 (1982) 505-511. (in Japanese).