Preparation and Characterization of Ha/Gel/β-TCP Microspheres Composite Porous Scaffold

Abstract:

Being one of the three elements of tissue engineering, three-dimensional porous structure scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering. As it not only prvovide cells for the life, but also serves as a template to guide tissue regeneration and control of organizational structure and other functions. In this study, hyaluronic acid and gelatin are successfully cross-linked by 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) , and compound β-TCP microspheres to prepare porous hydrogel scaffolds. The microspheres were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the same time, the compressive strength, swelling ratio, degradation of the scaffold were tested. To assess the in vitro cell compatibility of the scaffolds, mouse L929 fibroblasts were seeded onto scaffolds for cell morphology and cell viability studies. The results showed that the pore size of the porous scaffold can be adjusted by changing the ratio of gelatin to hyaluronic acid (HA), increasing the proportion of hyaluronic acid in a certain range, pore size will be significantly increased. With the increase of the proportion of hyaluronic acid in the scaffold, the swelling ratio and the degradation rate also increased. The compressive strength of the scaffold increased with the increase of the proportion of gelatin. The appropriate ratio of β-TCP can promote cell growth and proliferation.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 782)
• Pages: 103-115
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.782.103
• Online since: October 2018
• Authors: Yang Zi Zhao*, You Fa Wang
• Keywords: Degradation Rate, EDC, Gelatin, Hyaluronic Acid, Scaffold, Swelling Ratio, β-TCP

References

[1] Farré-Guasch E, Prins H J, Overman J R, et al. Human Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation as a Model for Bone Regeneration Enabling the Application of One-Step Surgical Procedures J. Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews, 2013, 19(1):69-82.

DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0404

[2] Wang M. Materials Selection and Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics J. 2007:259-288.

[3] Kimura Y, Ozeki M, Inamoto T, et al. Adipose tissue engineering based on human preadipocytes combined with gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor J. Biomaterials, 2003, 24(14):2513-2521.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00049-8

[4] Chong E J, Phan T T, Lim I J, et al. Evaluation of electrospun PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffold for wound healing and layered dermal reconstitution J. Acta Biomaterialia, 2007, 3(3):321-330.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.01.002

[5] Lin C L, Lin C H, Chang H C, et al. Protein Attachment on Nanodiamonds J. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2015,119(28):7704.

[6] Bhatnagar P, Pant A B, Shukla Y, et al. Hyaluronic acid grafted PLGA copolymer nanoparticles enhance the targeted delivery of Bromelain in Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma J. European Journal of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, 2016, 105:176-192.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.06.002

[7] Correia C, Moreirateixeira L S, Moroni L, et al. Chitosan scaffolds containing hyaluronic acid for cartilage tissue engineering J. Tissue Eng Part C Methods, 2011, 17(7):717-730.

DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0467

[8] Shavandi A, Ael-D B, Ali M A, et al. Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications J. Materials Science & Engineering C Materials for Biological Applications, 2015, 56:481–493.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.004

[9] Zhang M, Wang K, Shi Z, et al. Osteogenesis of the construct combined BMSCs with β-TCP in rat J. Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery Jpras, 2009, 63(2):227-232.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.11.017

[10] Hong Y, Fan H, Li B, et al. Fabrication, biological effects, and medical applications of calcium phosphate nano ceramics J. Materials Science & Engineering R Reports, 2010, 70(3):225-242.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2010.06.010

[11] Chang K H, Liao H T, Chen J P. Preparation and characterization of gelatin/hyaluronic acid cryogels for adipose tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo studies J. Acta Biomaterialia, 2013, 9(11):9012-9026.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.046

[12] Zhang F, He C, Cao L, et al. Fabrication of gelatin–hyaluronic acid hybrid scaffolds with tunable porous structures for soft tissue engineering J. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2011, 48(3):474-81.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.01.012

[13] Wang H, Feng Y, Fang Z, et al. Fabrication and characterization of electrospun gelatin-heparin nanofibers as vascular tissue engineering J. Macromolecular Research, 2013, 21(8):860-869.

DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1105-7

[14] Gutiérrez M, García-Carvajal Z, Jobbágy M, et al. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Scaffolds with Tailored Morphologies for Drug Delivery and Controlled Release J. Advanced Functional Materials, 2010, 17(17):3505-3513.

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200700093

[15] Wang T W, Spector M. Development of hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds for brain tissue engineering J. Acta Biomaterialia , 2009, 5(7):2371-2384.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.03.033

[16] Yun H L, Lee J H, An I G, et al. Electrospun dual-porosity structure and biodegradation morphology of Montmorillonite reinforced PLLA nanocomposite scaffolds J. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(16):3165-3172.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.08.018

[17] Cooper J A, Lu H H, Ko F K, et al. Fiber-based tissue-engineered scaffold for ligament replacement:design consideration and in vitro evaluation J. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(13):1523-1532.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.05.014