Thermal Cycle Simulation of Heat Affected Zone in the Welded Mild Steel

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to study the microstructure evolution of simulated heat affected zone in mild steel using thermal cycle simulation and it was compared to the heat affected zone in the real welded joint. The optical microscopy, micro-hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction were used as characterization techniques. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the simulated heat affected zone were also determined. The use of the thermal cycle simulation technique revealed in detail the different microstructures in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welded joint. Some similarities were observed between the heat affected zone obtained by the thermal cycle simulation technique and the heat affected zone observed in the real welded joint. The thermal cycle simulation technique revealed more details about the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the heat-affected zone. The HAZ microhardness values were lowest hardness in the welded joint. Moreover, the lowest hardness value is obtained for the HAZ simulated at 850°C.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 981)
• Pages: 43-50
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4rSwBo
• Online since: May 2024
• Authors: Ines Hamdi*, Zakaria Boumerzoug, Oualid Bedjaoui, Wafa Melik, Fabienne Delaunois
• Keywords: Microstructure, Mild Steel, Thermal Cycle Simulation, Welding

References

[1] P.Thakur, Gas Transport in underground coal mines, Inter. J. of Coal Geo. 208 428(2019)37-53.

[2] M.A.M. Buang, Dissertation, Study of PWHT microstructures and mechanical properties for mild steel and SA106B pipe material, Universiti Teknologi Petronas,Tronoh, Perak, 2010.

DOI: 10.29252/jafm.11.03.27173

[3] M.Alizadeh, M.Bordbar, Retracted: Applying a novel heat treatment cycle to modify the microstructure of welded API X70 pipeline steel, Mater. Lett. 98 (2013) 178-181.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.02.049

[4] S.H. Hashemi, Strength–hardness statistical correlation in API X65 steel. Mater.Scie.and Eng. A 5283(2011)1648-1655.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.089

[5] M. Tamizi, M. Pouranvari, M. Movahedi, The role of HAZ softening on cross-tension mechanical performance of martensitic advanced high strength steel resistance spot welds, Metall.and Mater. Tran.A52 (2021) 655-667.

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-020-06104-5

[6] G.Khalaj, M .Jandaghi, Microalloyed steel welds by HF-ERW technique: Novel PWHT cycles, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties enhancement, Inter. J. of Pres. Ves. and Pip. 152 (2017) 15-26.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2017.04.003

[7] Z. Śloderbach, J.Pająk, Determination of ranges of components of heat affected zone including changes of structure, Arch. of Metall. and Mater. 60 (2015) 2608- 2612.

DOI: 10.1515/amm-2015-0421

[8] D.J. Abson, Y.Tkach, I. Hadley, V.S. Wright F.M. Burdekin, A review of postweld heat treatment code exemptions, Weld. J. 85 (2006) 63-69.

[9] I. Samardžić, A. Stoić, D. Kozak, I. Kladaric, M. Dunđer. Application of weld thermal cycle simulator in manufacturing engineering, J. of Manufac. and Indus.Eng.12 (2013) 7- 11.

DOI: 10.12776/mie.v12i1-2.177

[10] M.Dunder,T. Vuherer, I.Kladaric, Weldability Investigation of TStE 420 after Weld Thermal Cycle Simulation, Stroj. 52 (2010) 97-104.

[11] J.Górka,D.Janicki,M.Fidali, W.Jamrozik,.Thermographic assessment of the HAZ Properties and structure of thermomechanically treated steel, Inter.J.of Thermophys. 38 (2017)183, 1-21.

DOI: 10.1007/s10765-017-2320-9

[12] M. Turker, S.Yildiz, Fusion welding technique application of iron-based welding technique application of iron-based superalloys, In: National powder metallurgy conference, Ankara, Turkey, 1999, 549–56.

[13] S. Hamza, Z. Boumerzoug, E. Raouache, F. Delaunois, Simulated heat affected zone in welded stainless steel 304L. Act. Metall. Slova. 25 (2019) 142-149.

DOI: 10.12776/ams.v25i3.1290

[14] E. Raouache, Z. Boumerzoug, F. Delaunois, F. Khalfallah, Thermal cycle simulation of welding process in low carbon steel. Mate. Scie.and Eng. 13 (2011) 191- 195.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.073

[15] M. St. Węglowski, S. Dymek , M. Kopyściański, J. Niagaj, J. Rykała, W. De Waele, S. Hertelé,A comprehensive study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of arc girth welded joints of spiral welded high strength API X70 steel pipe. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 20 (2020) 1-18.

DOI: 10.1007/s43452-020-00018-0

[16] D. Fajt, M. Ma´slak, M. Stankiewicz, P. Zajdel, K. Pa´ ncikiewicz, Influence of long-term subcritical annealing on the unalloyed steel welded joint microstructure, Materials 16 (2023) 1-12.

DOI: 10.3390/ma16010304

[17] Z. Boumerzoug, S. Cherif, Thermal cycle simulation of welding process in INC 738 LC Superalloy: Key Engineering Materials, 735 (2017) 75-79.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.75

[18] M. Nasiri Khalaji, R. Matin, R. Rahmani, M.R. Shabgard, Effect of input parameters on the depth heat affected zone (HAZ) AISI F13 steel electrical discharge machining process (EDM), The International Journal of Materials and Engineering Technology, 2, 2, (2019) 33-38.