Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Floral Extract of Nelumbo Nucifera

Abstract:

The aim of the present study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles, using an aqueous floral extract of common Lotus, i.e Nelumbo nucifera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV, TEM, EDX, AFM & XRD. The synthesized AgNPs were confirmed due to the colour change from colourless to reddish brown just after the addition of the aqueous floral extract of Nelumbo nucifera. The UV results of AgNPs showed the excitation of surface Plasmon resonance band at 427 nm. TEM results showed that the synthesized AgNPs were uniformed; monodispersed,spherical in shape and the particle size were found to be 77.81 ± 3.54 nm. EDX spectrum of AgNPs confirms strong signals from Ag (64%) and other elements such as C, O and Cl. The morphology of the synthesized AgNPs by AFM analysis resembled the TEM micrograph. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD. The present study concludes that the aqueous floral extract of Nelumbo nucifera could be used as an effective reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNP. The green synthesis ofsilver nanoparticles is non-toxic and cost-effective and thus remains to be an alternative method to other physical and chemical reduction methods.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 756)
• Pages: 106-111
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.756.106
• Online since: May 2013
• Authors: Selvaraj Arokiyaraj, Udaya Prakash Nyayiru Kannaian, Vijay Elakkya, T. Kamala, S. Bhuvaneswari, Kumar V. Dinesh
• Keywords: Floral Extract, Green Synthesis, Nelumbo nucifera, Silver Nanoparticle, Surface Plasmon Resonance

References

[1] Mazu, M. "Electrochemically Prepared Silver Nanoflakes and Nanowires". Electrochemistry Communications. 2004, 6, 400-403.

DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.02.011

[2] Pal, S.; Tak, Y.K.; Song, J.M. Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007, 73, 1712–1720.

DOI: 10.1128/aem.02218-06

[3] Rosemary, M. J.; and Pradeep, T. Solvothermal Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Thiolates. Colloids and Surfaces A. 2003, 268, 81-84.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.009

[4] Xie, Y.; Ye, R.; and Liu, H. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in Reverse Micelles Biosurfactant. Colloids and Surfaces A. 2006, 279, 175-178.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.12.056

[5] Maillard, M.; Giorgio, S.; & Pileni, M. P. Silver nanodisks. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 1084–1086.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-4095(20020805)14:15<1084::aid-adma1084>3.0.co;2-l

[6] Pillai, Z.S.; Kamat, P.V. What Factors Control the Size and Shape of Silver Nanoparticles in the Citrate Ion Reduction Method". J. Phys. Chem. B. 2004, 108, 945-951.

DOI: 10.1021/jp037018r

[7] Patel, K.; Kapoor, S.; Dave, D.P.; Murherjee, T. Phenomenon is related to size of colloidal silver particles. J.Chem.Sci. 2005, 117, 53-60.

[8] Salkar, R.A.; Jeevanandam, P.; Aruna, S.T.; Koltypin, Y.; Gedanken, A. The Sonochemical preparation of amorphous silver nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 1333.

DOI: 10.1039/a900568d

[9] Soroushian, B.; Lampre, I.; Belloni, J.; and Mostafavi, M. Radiolysis of silver ion solutions in ethylene glycol: solvated electron and radical scavenging yields. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2005, 72, 111–118.

DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.02.009

[10] Loo, Y.Y.; Chieng, B.W.; Nishibuchi, M.; Radu, S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from Camellia Sinesis. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2012, 7, 4263 -4267.

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33344

[11] Song, J.Y.; Kim, B.S. Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2009, 32, 79-84.

DOI: 10.1007/s00449-008-0224-6

[12] Huang, H.; & Yang, X. Synthesis of polysaccharide-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles: A green method. Carbohydr Res. 2004, 339, 2627-2631.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.08.005

[13] Dubey, S.P.; Lahtinen, M.; Sillanpää, M. Tansy fruit mediated greener synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. Process Biochem. 2010, 45, 1065–1071.

DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.024

[14] Zong M.X.; Qing B.Z.; Hema L.P.; Vicki L.C.; and Pedro J.A. Negligible Particle-Specific Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 4271–4275.

[15] Shrivastava, S.; Bera, T.; Singh, S.K.; Singh, G.; Ramachandrarao, P.; Dash, D. Characterization of Antiplatelet Properties of Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2009, 3, 1357–1364.

DOI: 10.1021/nn900277t

[16] Edeoga H.O.; Okwu D.E.; Mbaebie B. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol. 2005, 4, 685-688.

DOI: 10.5897/ajb2005.000-3127

[17] Burda, C.; Chen, X.; Narayanan, R.; EI-Sayed, M.A. The chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev. 2005, 105, 1025.

DOI: 10.1021/cr030063a

[18] Li, S.; Shen, Y.; Xie, A.; Yu, X.; Qiu, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang Q. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Capsicum annuum L. extract. Green Chem. 2007, 9, 852-858.

DOI: 10.1039/b615357g

[19] Shankar, S.S.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M. Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biotechnol Prog. 2003, 19, 1627-1631.

DOI: 10.1021/bp034070w

[20] Magudapathy, P.; Gangopadhyay, P.; Panigrahi, B.K.; Nair, K.G.M, and Dhara, S. Electrical transport studies of Ag nanoclusters embedded in glass matrix. Physica B. 2001, 299, 142 – 146.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00580-9