Materials Science Forum Vols. 798-799

Abstract: The exploitation and processing of granite is responsible for generating large quantities of residue, mainly in the sawing step where is producing a dark color mud that is generally discharged directly in the environment without any treatment. The use of granite residue in the production of red ceramic has been widely studied and has shown promising results. The aim of this work is to verify the incorporation of granite residue in the preparation of tubular ceramic membrane in substitution of quartz. In this research it was done the characterization of the raw materials, the membrane preparation with different amount of granite residue and characterization of the membranes by scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and tangential flux measurements. The results showed that the changing in 10% of granite residue amount in the ceramic body was enough to change the morphological characteristics of the membranes.

Abstract: The recycling of industrial wastes such as those produced during processing of ornamental stones is a relevant procedure to mitigate the possibility of environmental pollution. In the present work the durability of soil-cement blocks incorporated with an ornamental granite stone waste was investigated by means of water immersion durability tests as indicated by the Brazilian norm. Preliminarily, the granite waste was characterized by its chemical composition, particle size and X-ray diffraction. The incorporation was carried out in a mixture with limestone, sand, water and cement. After the durability tests, the soil-cement block were tested for the change in strength and water absorption. The results showed a loss in strength for 90 days of immersion cycles together with a relatively small gain in water absorption. The block composition with 60% of waste was able to attend the norm by apparently developing less porosity than the 65% waste incorporated block.

Abstract: The interest in the use of industrial waste, such as sludge, has grown as an alternative both to reduce the volume of this environmental liability as in getting a product to be used in construction. This work aims to study the incorporation of waste textile sludge in concrete. The textile sludge was dried, in an oven lab, at 110oC for twenty-four hours and milled in a grinder to acquire adequate granulometry. Samples were prepared for compression strength and water absorption, the ratios 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 with sludge levels of substitution of 3%, 5% and 7% with 7, 28 days of curing. The results showed a tendency to increase the water absorption with increasing amount of textile sludge and decrease one with increasing cure time. Thus for compressive strength decreased with increasing content of aggregates and content of this sludge, according to the following increasing order 1:5 <1:4 <1:3 <1:2.

Abstract: This study performed the characterization of the commercial bentonite organoclay named Spectrogel C, showing to its affinity with some petroleum products. The surface area and pore size distribution were measured by the BET method, and presented a low area of 2.7 m3/g. The thermal stability was analyzed by the techniques of TG, DTG and DSC, which revealed a low moisture level and high content of organic salt, representing 25% of its total mass. The results of EDX showed that the clay is composed of aluminum silicates, Cl, Fe, Na and Mg. The texture was evaluated by SEM showed an irregular surface and defined particle size. XRD analysis proved that the clay belongs to smectite group is composed mainly of montmorillonite. The hydration and expansion tests showed good affinity with the organic complex and low affinity for the pure compounds. The Spectrogel organoclay presented potential to act in the removal of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The waste generated in the process of polishing of ceramic materials represents a challenge for the ceramic industries, because it is necessary conciliate environmental protection to expenses with disposal and proper packaging. The study of the reuse of this material in the production cycle becomes a necessary alternative to solve the industrial problem. The replacement of the abrasive agent is a viable option in order to avoid the presence of silicon carbide and the residue therefore enabling the direct incorporation of the residue in the porcelain production. If the atomized paste contains silicon carbide when the material is burned occurred the formation of porosity and cracks in the piece. This work aims to study new alternatives of abrasive agents and evaluate the efficiency of polishing generated by new tools. To evaluate the performance of the abrasive tests were conducted simulating the polishing step. The study is based on the computational processing of the image generated by optical micrographs. From this, it will be possible find the best abrasives for polishing ceramic material.

Abstract: The ceramic industry, and others industries of manufacturing and transformation of materials produce, in greater or lesser degree, a quantity of waste that are not reused or doesn’t have a destination ecologically correct. Finding a correct destination for this kind of materials comes being a big tool for society nowadays. In this context, this work proposes the use of waste-based abrasive silicon carbide to promote growth in ceramic bodies to obtain ceramics for better thermal comfort. The porcelain polishing’s residue was added to ceramic mass at different percentages of mass. These samples were sintered the 1.200^oC. The results showed the increase in weight of the residue in the samples causes a decrease in the values of apparent and absolute density, and increasing the amount of pores in the material obtained. These pores are responsible for increased water absorption. Employing the program Quantikov was possible to determine the average pore size the sample; the samples identified as 1, 2 and 3 the increase in the content of waste to increase the average pore diameter opened. From the sample 3 to 7, the average pore diameter floats in an equilibrium value, an increasing the added amount of waste will increase porosity, but not its diameter. The sample 8 showed a low level of porosity. The results show the potential for reuse of the waste generated in the polishing of porcelain in the development of ceramics with better thermal comfort, reducing the impact caused by improper disposal and simultaneously reducing production costs.

Abstract: A differential feature of this work was the use of a type of glass that is little used as fine aggregate in concrete – flat glass powder. This study involved an analysis of the influence of the incorporation of waste glass from the grinding and polishing operations of the glass heat treatment process on the void content, water absorption (W/A) and specific gravity of Portland cement concrete. The coarse and fine aggregates used here were crushed stone and sand, respectively. The concrete was produced using 5%, 10% and 20% of waste glass in place of sand, and water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.50, 0.55 and 0.58. The test specimens were cured for 28 days. The results indicated a reduction in the void content when the percentage of waste glass increased to w/c ratios of 0.55 and 0.58. The reduction of the void content reduced the concrete’s W/A and increased its specific gravity. The waste glass used in this study shows a promising potential for use as fine aggregate in Portland cement concrete. However, other variables must be taken into consideration in the subsequent publications.

Abstract: The clays are emerging as excellent alternative materials in the process of removing organic and inorganic contaminants, that due to it's physicochemical characteristics, it’s easy to obtain and also for low cost. The initial objective of this ( study was to characterize the clay Chocolate B by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). In addition, the testing of finite bath under certain conditions (pH, concentration) in order to better evaluate the efficiency of clay in the removal of heavy metals zinc and lead. It was used a factorial design 2² with addition at the central point, being evaluated the percentage removal (% Rem) and the removal capacity (q_eq) by Chocolate B Clay. It was observed that the Chocolate B clay belongs to the smectites group. The results have shown promise in the removal process of the metals zinc and lead by Chocolate B clay.

Abstract: Reducing the environmental impact is an important factor for the sustainability of environment. This paper discusses the characterization of white ceramic bodies with an industrial waste produced in the automotive industry. The use of laminated glass residue as a raw material of a ceramic body was endeavor to make a positive impact on the environment. The laminated safety glass was ground to promote separation of glass from poly (vinilbutiral). Then, the powdered glass was used as starting material in the ceramic mass and PVB was used to confer plasticity to the ceramic mass. The fired ceramic body was analyzed using thermal analysis (DTA and TG). The specimens were tested to obtain the flexural resistance and water absorption. The data shows that PVB addition improved mechanical properties and that the grinded glass powder reduced the water absorption and increased the mechanical strength of ceramic bodies after firing.

Abstract: This research aims to assess the incorporation of mass of the electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) by addition in hot metal (1.78% Si) at a temperature of 1,400°C changing the type of the crucible. The EAFD is from a steel mill producer of long steel. The EAFD will be added in the form of briquette. Previously, the EAFD is going to be characterized using the following techniques: chemical analysis, size analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. The achievement of fusion experiments in laboratory scale, is going to take place in a vertical tubular furnace with temperature control. The fusion experiments to assess the incorporation of the EAFD mass are going to use three kinds of crucibles. After cooling the furnace to room temperature, it will be done the hot metal and the slag weighing to do a mass balance. A flow of inert gas (argon) is going to be maintained inside the furnace during the experiments.