High Technology Applications of Barium and Strontium Ferrite Magnets

Abstract:

Ceramic magnets as barium ferrite or strontium ferrite have many applications in high technology. One of the reasons is the low cost when compared to competitor materials, as Alnico, MnBi, MnAl or NdFeB. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of Ba and Sr ferrite magnets are discussed. One clear advantage is that ferrites are already oxides, and do not present the corrosion problems typical of NdFeB and other metallic alloys. As ferrites are oxides, the processing is much easier and cheaper. For example sintering can be done at air, and milling under wet condition. One of the main conclusions is the excellent ratio cost/benefit of ferrites, giving advantage in many applications. Special attention is given for application of ferrites in high efficiency motors.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 881)
• Pages: 134-139
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.881.134
• Online since: November 2016
• Authors: Marcos Flavio de Campos, Daniel Rodrigues
• Keywords: Applications, Barium Ferrite, Magnets, Strontium Ferrite

References

[1] A. Goldman: Modern Ferrite Technology. (Springer 2nd edition New York, 2006).

[2] A. Okamoto. The Invention of Ferrites and their Contribution to the Miniaturization of Radios. In GLOBECOM Workshops, 2009 IEEE, pp.1-6. DOI 10. 1109/GLOCOMW. 2009. 5360693.

DOI: 10.1109/glocomw.2009.5360693

[3] M.J. Vries: 80 Years of Research at the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (1914-1994) The Role of the Nat. Lab. at Philips. Pallas Publications, Amsterdam, (2005).

DOI: 10.5117/9789085550518

[4] M.H. Makled, T. Matsui, H. Tsuda, H. Mabuchi, M.K. El-Mansy, K. Morii: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 160 (2005), p.229.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.06.013

[5] J.M.D. Coey. Scripta Materialia Vol. 67 (2012), p.524.

[6] R.C. Pullar : Progress in Materials Science Vol. 57 (2012), p.1191.

[7] S. Ruoho, M. Haavisto, E. Takala, T. Santa-Nokki, M. Paju: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Vol. 46 (2010), p.15.

DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2009.2027815

[8] M. Komuro, Y. Satsu, Y. Enomoto and H. Koharagi, Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 91 (2007), p.102503.

[9] M. Marinescu, A.M. Gabay, S. Kodat, J.F. Liu, G.C. Hadjipanayis. Sm-Co and Pr-Fe-B Magnets with Increased Electrical Resistivity. Proceedings of 20th International Workshop on Rare Earth Permanent Magnets and their Applications, Sept. 8-10, 2008, Crete, Greece. http: /www. electronenergy. com/media/REM%20Workshop-High%20Resistivity%20PM. pdf.

DOI: 10.1063/1.3058641

[10] U.S. Inan, R.A. Marshall: Numerical Electromagnetics the FDTD Method. (Cambridge University Press, 2011).

[11] M.A. Lantz et al.: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2015. DOI 10. 1109/TMAG. 2015. 2435893.

[12] M.S. Walmer, M.H. Walmer, and C.H. Chen A new class of permanent-magnetic materials for high temperature applications in TWTs. Vacuum Electronics Conference 2000. DOI 10. 1109/OVE: EC. 2000. 847557.

DOI: 10.1109/ove:ec.2000.847557

[13] P. Eklund, S. Sjökvist, S. Eriksson and M. Leijon A Complete Design of a Rare Earth Metal-Free Permanent Magnet Generator. Machines Vol. 2 (2014) pp.120-133; doi: 10. 3390/machines2020120.

DOI: 10.3390/machines2020120

[14] J.D. Widmer, R. Martin, M. Kimiabeigi. Electric Vehicle Traction Motors Without Rare Earth Magnets. Sustainable Materials and Technologies Vol. 3 (2015), p.7.

DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2015.02.001

[15] B. Nykvist, M. Nilsson: Nature Climate Change Vol. 5 (2015), p.329.

[16] A. Honda, B. Fukuda, I. Ohyama, and Y. Mine: J. Mater. Eng. Vol. 12 (1990), p.41.

[17] A. Sumper, A. Baggini: Electrical Energy Efficiency: Technologies and Applications. (John Wiley & Sons United Kingdom, 2012).

[18] D. Liu, D. Hari, C. Vagg, L. Ash, S. Akehurst, C. J. Brace: Test and simulation of variable air gap concept on axial flux electric motor. In: VPPC 2013: The 9th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2013-10-15 - 2013-10-18, Beijing. http: /dx. doi. org/10. 1109/ VPPC. 2013. 6671685.

DOI: 10.1109/vppc.2013.6671685

[19] S.C. Oh, J. Kern, T. Bohn, A. Rousseau, and M. Pasquier Axial Flux Variable Gap Motor: Application in Vehicle Systems. 2002. http: /www. autonomie. net/docs/6%20-%20Papers/ CIL/axial_flux_variable_gap_motor. pdf.

DOI: 10.4271/2002-01-1088

[20] P. Tenaud, A. Morel, F. Kools, J.M. Le Breton, L. Lechevallier: J. Alloys Compd. Vol. 370 (2004), p.331.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.09.106

[21] B.M. Kirrane, L.S. Nelson and R.S. Hoffman: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Vol. 99 (2006), 358.

[22] S.C. Chaudhary, A. Aggarwal, R. Avasthi: JIACM Vol 9 (2008), p.133.

[23] F.E. Luborsky: Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 37 (1966), p.1091.

[24] C. Yanar, J.M.K. Wiezorek, V. Radmilovic, W.A. Soffa: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Vol 33 ( 2002), p.2413.

[25] K.W. Moon, K.W. Jeon, Min Kang, M.K. Kang. Y. Byun, J.B. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Vol 50 (2014), p.2103804 DOI: 10. 1109/TMAG. 2014. 2329555.

[26] J. Cui, J.P. Choi, G. Li, E. Polikarpov, J. Darsell, N. Overman, M. Olszta, D. Schreiber, M. Bowden, T. Droubay, M.J. Kramer, N.A. Zarkevich, L. L Wang, D.D. Johnson, M. Marinescu, I. Takeuchi, Q.Z. Huang, H. Wu, H. Reeve, N.V. Vuong, J.P. Liu: J. Phys. Condens. Matter Vol. 26 (2014).

DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/6/064212

[27] M.F. de Campos, F. A.S. Silva: Mat. Sci. Forum Vol. 820 (2015), p.199.

[28] S.R. Janasi, M. Emura, F.J.G. Landgraf, D. Rodrigues: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Vol 238 (2002), p.168.