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This type of load limit categorization is more applicable to the ideal state designs of newly built bridges; namely, factors such as material properties, boundary conditions, service load are rather clear-cut, but it is not well-targeted at the evaluation and maintenance of sub-health bridges.
For sub-health bridges, its properties usually could not satisfy the normal service limit state and are quite far away from Ultimate Limit State.
The statistical properties, characteristic parameters and ratios of the types of vehicles (given in Table 2) are obtained through large amounts of numerical simulation.
After the random moment effect of sub-health bridges’ operating vehicle load is simulated, one could then calculate the operating vehicle load’s upper limit under a certain degree of security, based on factors such as the bridge serviceable carrying capacity and reinforcement and reconstruction cycle; by further consideration of safety and reliability factors, the operating vehicle load limit is determined.
It can be seen from Fig.4, the box beam moment on two supporting points between frame and beam increased by 107%, which means that the supporting frame damage significantly affected the overall mechanical performance of the bridge.

This paper performs a numerical investigation of a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) based capacitive viscometer.
First, the fluid property of the polymer solution is estimated using relaxation time estimation.
Introduction Viscosity is one of the important physical properties of liquids.
Since the viscosity of a liquid can vary according to other physical properties such as temperature and pressure.
The flow type of polymer solution Till recently, fluid dynamics has been very difficult to simulate due to its complexity, and one of the factor is the unknown flow types.

The grain size, shape and distribution of the grains of foundry sand, the type and quality of bonding material, the density to which the sand is packed and the percentage of moisture used for tempering are important factors in regulating the degree of permeability [8].
Clay and water act as control addition to influence mechanical properties of greensand casting mould.
Clay and water have a significant role in improving the mechanical properties of greensand mould.
Ariffin and Haliza, Mechanical properties of tin tailing sand-clay mixture from Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia for making greensand casting mould: Paper presented at the 15th International Conference on Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies (AMPT 2012), Wollongong, (2012)
Noumowe, Effect of used-foundry sand on the mechanical properties of concrete: submitted to Journal of Construction and Building Material (2009)

Investigation of Load Path Effect on Thickness Distribution and Product Geometry in the Bulge Hydroforming Process Majid Elyasi, Hassan Khanlari and Mohammad Bakhshi-Jooybari Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran elyasima@yahoo.com, Hasan.khanlari@yahoo.com, bakhshim@yahoo.com Keywords: bulge hydroforming; load path; finite element simulation Abstract.
The thickness distribution and geometry are the key factors that affect the performance of hydroformed parts.
Tube tension tests were performed for determination of mechanical properties of SS316L tube.
The mechanical properties and dimensions of the initial tubes which were used in experiments are given in “Table 1”.
As shown in “Fig. 7”, initial axial feeding does not affect on the bulge radius of the part at the wave crest, but the bulge radius of the part at wave trough decreases with increasing of initial axial feeding.

According to the machining process of the factors causing error to occur any regularity, processing error into system error and the random error, According to the nature of the changes with time, and can be divided into static error and dynamic error.
Processing System Dynamic Error Analysis Many factors influence the machining accuracy of machine tools, in addition to the complex and static precision, also exists dynamic error.
In the machining process aspheric, these factors which influence the error in response to the final piece shape error.
Turning process includes various physical phenol, a large number of random factors, including due to a hot cutting of high temperature for machining accuracy has very big effect.
Many factors influence the temperature of cutting, reduce the heat cutting methods is to reduce the heat cutting and heat transfer speed.

Porosity of ductile iron castings is easily formed and the final integrity of a casting, e.g. mechanical properties and surface finish, is greatly influenced by the presence of porosity.
Fig. 5 Predicted area of porosity risk There are many factors influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron castings, such as chemical composition, cooling rate, liquid treatment and heat treatment[10-13].
For identical conditions, cooling rate plays a significant role in determining the microstructure and hence mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron [12].
Mechanical properties are acceptable for the casting, as shown in Table 2.
Porosity is successfully avoided and Mechanical properties of the casting produced based on simulation results meet the demands.

Ti-6Al-4V is unique in that it combines attractive properties with inherent workability and good weldability.
Fig.2 Finite element model Mechanical and thermal physical properties of TC4 at different temperatures can greatly affect the simulation precision, therefore, those properties should be cared about.
Thermal physical properties of TC4 show a rising tendency with higher temperature.
Fig.3 Temperature dependence of mechanical properties of TC4 Fig.4 Temperature dependence of thermal physical properties of TC4 In the solution of finite element matrix, the boundary condition included welding condition, fixture condition, and thermal condition.
The compressive residual stress is the critical influencing factor to cause wave-like deformation.

First of all we study the properties of a traditional lime mortar, as a reference.
Methods Specimen preparation and rheological properties.
We conclude that the mechanical strength is not particularly affected for its possible use as coating in restoration or rehabilitation interventions.
The results achieved from this research with the aim of getting mortars sufficiently permeable to water vapor but more impermeable to moisture and other climatic factors are promising.
García, Properties, characterization and preparation of halogenated aromatic polyamides.

From the point of view of solving environmental problems the development of intellectual adaptive self-cleaning coatings capable of reversibly switching mode and decompose pollution to harmless components under the influence of natural factors is the promising way [6].
Such composites exhibit photocatalytic properties and a switchable wetting mode [20].
Results of physical and mechanical tests of overlapped substrates.
Fujishima, Self-Cleaning Particle Coating with Antireflection Properties, J.
Watanabe et al., Transparent Superhydrophobic Thin Films with Self-Cleaning Properties, J.

With the intention of researching suspension's effect on the self-excited vibration of tire, according to the characters of polygonal wear, the twist beam suspension of car PassatB5 was simplified to proper mechanical model in the method of FEA.
The model of polygonal wear is three-dimensional problem; here we consider that the lateral vibration is the main factor in the whole systems.
Assumed Conditions of Modeling The suspension-tire system is so complicated that many affecting factors will cause the simplifying and accuracy of the model.
(3) Ignoring the affecting of instantaneous tire wear to the characters of tire in the mathematical modeling.
Equivalent Mechanical Model of Twist Beam Suspension Twist beam back suspension is the main object in our research, the geometric model of this back suspension has been showed by Figure 1.