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Coating properties, like microhardness, porosity and crack density, gas content or phase distribution, strongly affect the operating behaviour and have to be displayed systematically.
Corrosion properties.
Wear properties - Abrasive wear.
Wear properties - Oscillating and sliding wear.
Höhle: Corrosion properties of X HVOF titanium coatings.

Introduction Due to their excellent mechanical and tribological properties, such as high hardness and elastic modulus, good wear resistance, good corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient and high thermal conductivity, hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond films have been utilized as protective tribo-coatings on cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) drawing dies with aiming at lifetime elongation and performance enhancement[1, 2].
Although high-quality microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films deposited by conventional CVD processes have most of the desired properties of natural diamonds, their rough surface morphology will lead to the obvious increase in wear rates and friction coefficient on mating surfaces.
However, NCD films usually contain a high level of intrinsic stress[6] that directly affects their adhesion on substrates.
In hollowing sinking drawing, the production of one USCD coated drawing dies is about 700 tons, comparing to the 20 tons of conventional tungsten carbide dies, increasing by a factor of above 30.

Longitudinal crack is such a kind of timber imperfection which may significantly affect the compressive behavior and impair the load carrying of the timber columns.
Zhang et al. 2011[6]) which verify that eccentric compression is an important factor leading to failure and collapse of columns.
Before the gluing of CFRP sheets, the crack was fixed firmly by the same kind of wood and the grains of the additional Table 1: Specimen properties Specimen code Crack type Strengthening type Eccentric distance(mm) Eccentric plane with respect to crack plane 0NN None None 0 ---- 0CN// Crack None 0 parallel 0CN⊥ Crack None 0 perpendicular . 20NN None None 20 ---- 20CN// Crack None 20 parallel 20CC// Crack CFRP 20 parallel 40CN// Crack None 40 parallel 20CN⊥ Crack None 20 perpendicular. 20CC⊥ Crack CFRP 20 perpendicular. 40CN⊥ Crack None 40 perpendicular. 40CC⊥ Crack CFRP 40 perpendicular.
For detailed specimen properties, see Table 1.
It implied that perpendicular condition was much more harmful to mechanical behavior than parallel condition.

Introduction Design of high-efficiency airfoils and blades with optimum aerodynamic and thermodynamic property is hot issue in the field of aviation manufacturing engineering [1].
Evaluation function Obviously, the fitting effect of to the circle on the plane indicates the property of the assignment for each particle .
When we chose objective points lying on particular arcs of an ellipse, the fitting accuracy was affected such as the cases in Fig.2c and Fig.2d.
For this reason, we propose a constraint factor D to ensure the tangency of the ellipse and the both side of the section curves.
With the stability and accuracy, these good properties expand the scope of application of our method.

Study on the simulation model and high-speed characteristics of cylindrical grinding Jianguo Yang1,a, Zhenxin Zhou1,b, Beizhi Li1,c, Dahu Zhu1,d 1 Donghua University, College of Mechanical Enginnering, No.2999,North Renmin Road,Songjian District, Shanghai,China ajgyangm@dhu.edu.cn bzhouzhenxin01@hotmail.com clbzhi@dhu.edu.cn ddhzhu2006@hotmail.com Keywords: high-speed cylindrical grinding, simulation, grinding force, grinding temperature, control model Abstract.
Since each material has a temperature limit, the quality of products will be seriously affected if the temperature is beyond , so processing speed must be limited to a certain range.
The deformation time shorten and dynamic mechanical properties of materials change largely at high strain rates (up to the 106s-1), and material ability to resist deformation continuously and yield strength, tensile strength increased due to strain hardening, strain rate strengthening effect.
In order to reduce the impact of causal factors, each experiment with the same conditions was conducted three times, and then recorded the averaged results.

Raman Spectroscopy of Multilayered AlCrN Coating under High Temperature Sliding/Oxidation Janis Baronins1,a*, Maksim Antonov1,b, Sergei Bereznev2,c, Taavi Raadik2,d, Irina Hussainova1,e 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia 2Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia aJanis.Baronins@taltech.ee, bMaksim.Antonov@taltech.ee, cSergei.Bereznev@taltech.ee, cTaavi.Raadik@taltech.ee, cIrina.Hussainova@taltech.ee Keywords: multilayered AlCrN coating, Raman spectroscopy, tribo-corrosion, high temperature, sliding wear.
Intrinsic variabilities of the coated material and operational environment affect “prime reliance”.
An Nd-YAG induced laser (λ=532 nm) with a spot size of 10 μm in diameter and the laser beam powers of 2.8 mW (factor of the filter was 0.0912) and 15.8 mW (factor of the filter was 0.5147) were used for excitation.
The oxidation is related to the continuous mechanical splitting of oxide layer and removal of asperities during sliding, which results in increased oxidation of the unprotected areas on the surface of AlCrN PVD coating.
The characterization of the PVD coating is one of the most important parts in total reliability estimation scheme, which helps to determine important deviations and irregularities in the properties of the coating and the relevant test parameters.

Thermal properties are mostly obtained experimentally, following simplified approaches that may or may not resemble the conditions under which these materials will be used.
More precisely, the heat transfer was higher by a factor of approximately 1.7.
This last validation consisted in the simulation of walls using these mulch and lava-rock thermal properties and comparing them with experimental data.
Jr., and Capobianchi, M., (1999), Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, chapter Heat and Mass Transfer, pp. 4–1 to 4–287
[9] Arnaud, L. (2000), Mechanical and thermal properties of hemp mortars and wools: experimental and theoretical approaches, in ‘BIORESOURCE HEMP 2000 and other fibre crops’, nova-Institut und Tritec, Wolfsburg 13-16

There are less concerns over the use of traditional or mechanical methods than resin methods, although there are both advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Advantages of being able to construct repairs using resins without dismantling the structure may make resin methods more advantageous than other carpentry or mechanical methods in some circumstances.
These formulations have a high adhesion to wood, high mechanical properties and low shrinkage, which is essential when used to fill gaps without losing contact during polymerization shrinkage [7].
In some trusses was detected excessive twist in supports, which was considered dangerous to mechanical effects.
At the end of the 1980s, some tests showed that the humidity is a limiting factor, between timber and epoxy resins, as it does not reach the cohesion strength of the timber [4, 15].

A scale factor of 3000 was arrived at by this method and has been used for all the simulations in this paper.
The material properties used in the simulation are shown in Table 1.
The thermal properties (Equation 4) of the material are taken from literature [7-9] and are used in a tabular form.
Table 1: Material properties for HY-100 Steel [7-9] Density [kg/m3] Young's Modulus [GPa] Poisson's Ratio 7860 205 0.28 Table 2: Johnson-Cook material parameters for HY-100 Steel [7-9] A [MPa] B [MPa] n C m Tmelt [K] Troom [K] [s-1] 316 1067 0.107 0.0277 0.7 1500 300 3300 The simulation was carried out for 4.80 ms and a total of 1000 frames were recorded.
Garrett, The mechanical threshold stress constitutive-strength model description of HY-100 steel, Met.

All the factors above are crucial for the runner design process and can be considered as points of departure.
The 356 alloy choice was premeditated because one off the aspects of this research project is the evaluation of the claimed non wet ability or soldering properties of the material under investigation as well possibilities of processing other alloys with low iron content in HPDC.
Hardness Rockwell C machine was used to measure hardness, readings were taken on both inserts on areas affected or close to where melt heat induced cyclic temperature occurs, prior and after experimentation.
Economic feasibility constraints or extra cost required for adoption of Anviloy in die construction indicates that the methodology should be considered for components with higher complexity, low or minimum porosity and higher specification mechanical properties.
Future work on adoption of squeeze laminar flow gate speeds allied to the low porosity and non-wettability properties of Anviloy will evaluate both the possible processing of alloys with low iron content, wrought alloys and cast components that can undergo heat treatment.