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Introduction Among a large number of smart materials and structures, Electrorheological (Magnetorheological) material has a physical property that can be controlled by external electric (magnetic) field, and many advantages, including quick response, low energy consumption, and wide range of dynamic variation.
The reasons why Piezoelectric power generator has aroused great interests of the researchers in the field are because, for one thing, the efficiency of converting mechanical energy produced by pressure, shock, and vibration, etc., into electricity is quite high, only next to that of solar energy and wind energy, showing a promising prospect as a kind of renewable energy [6]; for another, it has the following advantages, such as simple in structure, low heat emission, non-electromagnetic interference, pollution free, and easy to be processed, manufactured, microminiaturized and integrated[ 7 ].
The Status Quo of Research on rectifier circuit Piezoelectric system can convert mechanical energy into electric energy, but the direct output of the energy harvester is AC voltage, which generally can not supply energy straightly to actuator.
Fig.1 The standard energy harvesting storage circuit Since loss caused by the rectifier circuit is an important factor that drags down the efficiency of piezoelectric harvesting, it is an effective way to enhance the conversion efficiency by using MOSFET with low on-resistance for rectifier.
The power of the synchronous charge extraction technology was not affected by the load impedance, and was more than four times than that of the standard circuit.

Experimental studies [10] prove that these factors influence on the redistribution of forces between individual floor slabs and should be taken into account in the calculations.
However, even in these works little attention was paid to taking into account the nonlinear properties of concrete when determining the torsional stiffness of the rod element.
Despite the fact that it does not greatly affect the overall work of the floor, with sufficiently flexible beams by which the slabs are supported, the flexibility of the slab supports should be taken into account.
In this case, calculations should be carried out to determine torsional stiffness, taking into account the nonlinear properties of concrete.
For automated calculation of floor taking into account spatial work, practical algorithms should be created that take into account all possible factors for changing torsional and bending stiffness, as well as taking into account the drawbacks of using equations like (2) when taking into account the bending and torsional stiffness that vary over the span length of hollow-core slabs.

Because of their better mechanical properties and high gas selectivity, glassy polymer membranes were more practical for commercial applications than rubber polymeric membranes.
The efficiency of any reactor is assessed using a variety of operational factors and design considerations, such as the ratio of reactant in the feed, temperature, pressure, membrane properties, the kind of catalyst, the rate of sweep gas, etc.
This review will focus on the best membrane to use depending on the amount of hydrogen permeability, which is influenced by a number of different factors, including temperature, pressure, catalyst type, feed rate, sweep gas flow rate, feed purity, and reactor type depending on how the catalyst is arranged in the membrane.
An unusual packed bed reactor and a membrane reactor have both been explored to see how reactor geometry affects temperature and profiles of hydrogen and methane concentrations.

In comparison of optoelectronic properties, RF magnetron sputtered zinc sulfide thin films exhibit best structural and optoelectronic properties for buffer layer in second generation solar cells.
In this paper, structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of ZnS thin films were analyzed and compared to fabricate thin films with best properties as a buffer layer for second generation photovoltaics.
Table 4 shows the optical properties of ZnS thin films fabricated by spin coating and RF magnetron sputtering.
It is cleared that RF magnetron sputtered ZnS thin films have best optical properties as compared to spin coated ZnS thin films.
Negative value of average Hall coefficient shows that fabricated thin films exhibit n-type semiconductor properties.

In particular, the subsurface damage was found to be insignificantly affected by the increase in depth of cut [29, 30].
The material properties of the ceramics are also summarized in Table 2.
Subsurface characteristics of the ceramics showed that the material removal mechanisms associated with the high speed grinding were influenced by their microstructures and mechanical properties [30].
This result agrees with the relationship between the normal grinding forces and the ceramic material properties in conventional grinding [18].
Coolant supply was another key factor in the high speed grinding of advanced ceramics.

Understanding the fundamental properties of diamond at the atomic level is crucial when optimizing its performance in these applications.
Computational Details For our calculations, we used ABINIT [7, 8, 9, 10, 11], an open-source software designed for DFT computations of electronic densities and related material properties.
This correlation is crucial for identifying the nature and size of vacancy clusters in diamond, which has implications for understanding material properties and defect dynamics.
This finding is essential for comprehending the influence of grain boundaries on the electronic and structural properties of diamond.
Properties of optically active vacancy clusters in type IIa diamond.

Due to its rheological properties, CF is one of the most often used non-Newtonian fluids.
Mjankwi [12] investigated the effects that thermal radiation and chemical reaction on a MHD flow of NF with variable transport properties that was moving across a stretching sheet.
(11) Local skin friction factor is Therefore, the skin drag coefficientis given as: (12) Where is the local Reynolds number.
By increasing M, the temperature profile for magnetic parameter is greatly affected.
Unsteady MHD Flow of Nanofluid with Variable Properties over a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Thermal Radiation and Chemical Reaction.

SMA is a family of metallic materials which have distinctive mechanical properties.
The same concrete and steel material properties are used in sizing the two buildings.
Properties of materials.
The properties at ambient temperature of SMA materials are summarized in Table 2.
Properties of materials used in this work, as given in references [11, 29].

This induces dynamic processes within the electro-mechanical components of the motor [1,2].
Then, in a secondary mechanical circuit a rotor makes a rotation by clearly defined angle.
This paper assumes that control and measurement systems shall involve only electric properties and the proposed solution shall be universal, allowing simple reconfigurability of measurements while keeping the same or slightly modified equipment.
Due to the fact that assumption involves only electrical properties there is no need to use any additional sensors or transducers.
It shall be noted that capacities of operating system are a limiting factor of system speed and performance.

Chao and Geskin [46] reported that cutting head vibration affected the formation and pattern of surface striations.
This phenomenon was further explained as a result of the effect of internal and external factors by Chen et al. [47].
Table 1 Main physical and mechanical properties of an 87% alumina ceramic Hardness, Knoop 1000g (MPa) 10400 Modulus of elasticity (MPa) 276000 Compressive strength (MPa) 2480 Flow stress (MPa) 20800 Flexural strength (MPa) 336 Fracture toughness (MPa-m1/2) 3.5 Tensile strength (MPa) 221 Average crystal size (m) 1.6 Single Pass Cutting with Nozzle Oscillation Experiment.
Engrs., Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 220 (2006), pp. 703-714
Wang: Effect of Liquid Properties on the Stability of an Abrasive Waterjet, Int.