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Z (CPE) = Q-1(jω)-n (2) Where Q is the CPE constant, j2 = -1 is the imaginary number, ω is the angular frequency (rad/s) and n is the CPE exponent [1].
Besides, the enhanced performance was attributable to the smaller grain size and compact distribution of PANI/Sn-doped TiO2 nanocomposite.
Mwakikunga, Strain and grain size of TiO2 nanoparticles from TEM, Raman spectroscopy and XRD: The revisiting of the Williamson-Hall plot method, Results Phys. 9 (2018) 628-635

Polishing rate and quality relies on many factors such as grain size, microstructure, laser spot size with respect to grain size, and laser power and incidence angle of a laser beam.
The thermo-etching technique is applicable simultaneously to a large number of diamond films, and has good perspectives for the shaping of diamond into a non-flat geometry.

Introduction Microelectronics, electroplating, batteries, metallurgy, chemical fertilizer and other production industries as well as the acid rain erosion of the soil will produce a large number of heavy metals, and these heavy metals can enter a water through lakes, rivers and groundwater channels.
Recently many agricultural waste materials have been used as sorbents, such as sunflower stalks [11], spent grain [12-14], corncob [15], and bark [16-18].
The sorption effect decreases after a certain number of circulations [40,41,43,65].
The reason of this situation can be explained as: (1) although eluent is effective to desorb metals, it decreases metal sorption ability of biosorbent in successive cycles for it damages available binding sites and hydrolyzes polysaccharides on the surface of the biomass [76, 77]; (2) after each sorption process, the number of already occupied sites increases leaving little space for further sorption [78,79]; (3) some of biomass may be lost during the biosorption–desorption process.

A large number of biological waste materials have been successfully converted into activated biosorbent by chemical activation on a laboratory scale [13,14,15].
The ICHS sample has not been necessary to mechanically modify and grain-modified, because it was in the form of shives, which is the input biosorbent (Fig. 1).
The pseudo-second order kinetic model is based on Langmuir’s adsorption model on a solid surface, where it is assumed that the adsorption rate is proportional to the concentration of the dissolved substance in the solution and the number of free adsorption sites.
However, at higher initial metal concentrations, the number of adsorption sites remains the same, so the access of metal ions to adsorption sites is limited and as a result the adsorption efficiency decreases.

The extrapolation of creep behaviour has been performed by fitting different form of creep models with a small number of creep data and then simulating beyond the available data points [10].
By comparing general power law regression equation with the Norton-Bailey power law as below [9]: y=A xB 11(a) εc = A σn 11(b) B=n'lnxlny-(lnx)(lny)n'[lnx)2- (lnx)2 12(a) n=ilnσln ε-(lnσ)(lnε)i[lnσ)2-(lnσ)2 12(b) A=elny-n(lnx)i 13(a) A=elnε-n(lnσ)i 13(b) Where x and σ are independent variables, y and εc are dependent variables, n' and i represent number of samples.
Once the target temperature was reached, a constant load was applied to exert a longitudinal force on the grain structure of the material.
Acknowledgement The author would like to acknowledge the support of Digital Analytics Structural Integrity Technology Group (DASIT), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, and financial support through Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia FRGS grant number FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UTP/02/17.

crystalline silica and silicon) , bond distances and coordination numbers are not expected to be very different [14,15].
General applications include the ability of FEM to obtain signals due to fluctuations represented by inhomogeneities; varying numbers of nm-sized voids or grains of relative order are examples.
This mainly indicates a large number of under-coordinated surface atoms.
The minimum number is a few atoms, while the maximum can go up to a few thousands of them [36].
A limited study on Aun (n = 38, 55, 75) clusters (1-1.5 nm) [53], i.e. magic number clusters [54-56] finds a number of lowest-lying isomers, most of which are disordered in structure.

Due to the increase in the number of accidents, multiple trauma victims and ageing of the population, the demand for bone reconstruction is constantly growing. .
By increasing the sintering temperature, the size of the grains and their surface were increased, leading to a reduction in their specific surface and therefore their capacity to adsorb alendronate.
After 72 hours of culture, these alendronate-loaded granules reduce the number of osteoclasts by half.
The in vitro evaluation of their materials shown a reduction in the number of osteoclasts of approximately 30% as well as an increase in osteoblastic activity, characterized by doubling in synthesis of ALP, osteocalcin and type I collagen[66].
Inflammation and pain The local anesthetic bupivacaine was loaded onto CDA granules following an impregnation / evaporation process followed by an isostatic compression stage in order to consolidate the grains together.

When the number of cycles was 5, the degradation rate was 65.84%.
They were almost in the same grain size and the same microstructure.
When the cycle number was 5, the degradation rate was 65.84%.
When the number of cycles was 5, the degradation rate was 65.84%.

An increase in the number of charge carriers favors the degradation of dye under direct sunlight for a shorter duration. 2.
The number of broken bonds on the surface of the particles grows as the specific surface area of the particles increases.
The larger hysteresis loop of TiO2-NiO (sc) might be due to capillary condensation of N2 gas in the pores and the larger surface area might be due to an increase in grain size.
The number of active sites increases with the increase in surface area.
It is evident from the negative intercept value of the Langmuir model and indicates the infinite number of identical active sites of the catalyst.

The fascinating opportunities that nanotechnology presents for improving material properties have led to substantial advancements in a number of technical and medical fields.
Its crystallite size is 58 nm, corresponding to the diffraction plane of (110) which is in good agreement with the JCPDS file number 89-4920, results are plotted in Table 1.
This could be because the nanoparticles contain nano-sized grains [22].
Wave numbers 403, 435, 599, and 673 cm⁻¹ represent the absorption bands in the transmission mode of the infrared spectrum.
The catalytic activity steadily decreased as the number of cycles increased.