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They depend on a variety of properties: grain boundary phase viscosities, densification rates, thermal expansion coefficients, elastic constants, processing temperature, transformation strains, layer thickness,... .
For a symmetrical laminate the biaxial stresses in the layer plane are given by ( ) ( ) ' 22 ' 11 ' 1 1 E1 E1 1 E tn tn − + + ∆ = ε σ and ( ) ( ) 2 1 12 1 1 tn tn − + −= σσ (1) where Ei´ = Ei / (1 - ν i), E is Young's modulus, ν is Poisson's ratio, n the total (odd) number of layers and ti the thicknesses of the individual layers of different materials 1 and 2, respectively.
The studies of Pascual et al. [64, 65] investigated the influence of various parameters defining the architecture (layer thickness ratio, number of layers, total thickness) or the materials (thermal expansion mismatch and elastic mismatch) on laminates with compressive external stresses.
The effect of the residual stresses is higher for a low number of layers and thick specimens.

Standardized analytical data Nº CURRENT (I) VOLTAGE (U) SPEED (V) HEAT (Q) TIME ∆𝒕𝟖/𝟓 (s) 1 0.1645 0.4151 0.4849 0.3974 0.2927 2 0.1459 0.4272 0.2509 0.5344 0.5117 3 0.1735 0.4272 0.1645 0.7629 0.7697 4 0.1827 0.2818 0.5830 0.1095 0.2395 5 0.2103 0.2818 0.5830 0.1095 0.2460 6 0.2103 0.2575 0.4849 0.3974 0.2965 7 0.2103 0.2575 0.5845 0.3974 0.2416 8 0.3482 0.2939 0.3309 0.1251 0.4650 9 0.6057 0.9645 0.2071 0.1264 0.9015 10 0.6977 0.7060 0.3294 0.1402 0.6862 11 -0.1114 0.1647 0.7037 0.1647 0.1052 12 0.9435 0.8272 0.9435 0.1159 0.3324 13 0.1827 0.5645 0.3505 0.4431 0.4345 14 0.1435 0.5848 0.2509 0.5344 0.5289 15 0.1183 0.4636 0.1546 0.9645 0.7524 By combining the experimental data with the analytical data, it can be seen a larger number of data sets, as shown in Table 7.
The number of data points was therefore not sufficient to consider them significant.
The regression coefficients of 1 obtained for the validation and test phases are not significant here given that the number of points here is two.
Pathak, Estimation of Grain Size Distribution of Friction Stir Welded Joint by using Machine Learning Approach, ADCAIJ: Adv. in Distributed Computing and Art.

As the grain size distribution of the three soils is not so distinctive, the content of illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals and organic matters decides the difference of the Atterberg limits.
According to previous studies [33], when the temperature rises, the activity and number of the double layer ions increase, and increase this kind of repulsion.
According to the studies in the former Soviet Union, the number and activity of the double layer ions of smectite in clayey soils increases by 1.5-2 times at the temperature of 40 ℃ -70 ℃ compared with that of 20 ℃, while that of the kaolinite in clayey soils is 2-3 times. 
Due to the small number of samples tested, the general applicability of the chosen method could not be confirmed, in spite of the fact that the procedure for determining the engineering properties of clayey soils based on hydrophilic minerals composition was performed on randomly selected soils of different composition and from different locations.

This is because the resulting dispersoid size distribution depends on the homogenisation temperature, and because the deformation resistance increases with increasing number density of dispersoids.
(6) Here, kss is a constant equal to 3.0MPa (wt%)-3/4 [6,10]. σd in Eq. 3 can be estimated from the number density and size of the dispersoids that have formed during homogenisation according to the following relationship [6,10]: σd=kdNdrd . (7) In this equation, kd is a constant equal to 4.8MPa (m-1) [6,10], and Nd and rd are the number density and average radius of the dispersoids, respectively.
Myhr: The effect of Mn on Extrudability, Mechanical Properties and Grain Structure of 6082 Alloys (Proceedings of the Eleventh International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, Extrusion Technology for Aluminum Profiles Foundation, USA 2016) [7] A.

Fog, smoke, sun, fire, wind, Fire-flies, lightning, a crystal, a moon— These are the preliminary appearances, Which produce the manifestation of Brahma in Yoga The Sanskrit word, khadyota, meaning firefly or glowworm, occurs a number of times.
By the end of the 1700s, a number of minerals and pottery materials were known to exhibit ML.
Saving Energy and Resources: A light-emitting diode consists of a number of layered semiconductor materials.
Akasaki, together with Amano, as well as Nakamura, also invented a blue laser in which the blue LED, the size of a grain of sand, is a crucial component.

By normalising the choice matrix's data, which can be derived using the equation, a ratio system will be created and it’s represented by xij* = xij / (Σ xij2)0.5, where xij* represents the normalized value ith alternative on jth attribute. xij* is a dimensionless number which lies between o and 1.
This produces a value for the performance measures' total assessment, which is represented by the equation: Yi = j=1gxij* - j=g+1gxij*, where g explains about maximized number of attributes while, (n-g) illustrates about attributes to be minimized and finally, Yi is often regarded as the overall assessment score of the ith alternative relative to all other alternatives.
The cause may be because the number of microorganisms and the oxygen consumption by microbial degradation processes are inversely related to each other.
The presence of colloidal silica grains of an organic or mineral origin may be the cause of the increase in value at site 9.

The NZ, also designated by stir zone, is affected by continuous dynamic recrystallization phenomena, resulting in evident grain refinement.

In contrast to steel powder, which has a distinctive angular grain shape.
Increasing the number of experiments will improve the correlation between density and compressive strength.
For P-1 and N-P, where N and P represent the number of experiments and the number of estimated model coefficients (equal to 3 and 4, respectively), the calculated F-values were found to be lower than the critical F-values.

Electrolytic alloys with a number of additives as activators are also of great importance.
The adsorption model for the formation of dispersion Ni-P+TiO2 layers The mechanism of co-deposition of particles with metal ions is a complex one and has not yet been completely explained due to a large number of factors affecting it.
Effect of chemical and phase composition of Ni-P+Ti oxides composite layers on the mechanism and kinetics of the hydrogen electroevolution The consequence of the fact that the crystalline components in the form of an oxide and/or metallic titanium powder are present in the amorphous nickel matrix is greater development of the surface and an increase in the number of grain boundaries.

Over the last few decades, a number of geochemical studies have focused on lake sediments with the aim of evaluating the extent of environmental contamination [13-17].
The Lake Kalimanci surface sediment samples represent fine-grained, predominantly clay and silt sized lake sediment (> 0.0063 mm) deposited after the construction of the artificial dam.
It can be concluded that the trace elements of Lake Dojran surficial sediments is derived from a number of different geogenic and anthropogenic sources.
The abovementioned enrichment originates from a number of different geogenic (geological background and polymetallic mineralization with arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and gold (Au)) and anthropogenic sources.