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The thickness of the interphase region depends on the surface chemistry, particle size and distribution, and volume fraction of the fillers used.
The sharp peaks in the polymer sample indicated that an ordered structure formed within the polymer, however, a broad peak at ~19.7˚ and a shoulder peak at ~13.4 ˚ were identified in this diffraction pattern attributing to the amorphous structure of a pure ABS [7,8].

These fibers are embedded within polymer with a high degree of conversion and highly cross-linked structures.
Aggregation during dehydration process tends to happen in alumina in wet chemistry method [19,20,21].
Bowlin, Electrospinning jets and nanofibrous structures, Biomicrofluidics 5 (2011) 013403

Such an effect, apparently, is the result of the forming phase structure of this three-component composite.
Mechanical properties of PPSU and PPSU/talc/PC composite (samples were obtained by 3D printing using the FDM method) Consist Ар, [kJ/m²] Еbend, [GPa] Etens, [GPa] σf, [MPa] unnotched PPSU not break. (215) 2.55 2.12 79.7 PPSU/talc/PC not break. (247) 4.08 3.15 70.1 Thus, it is revealed that the order of introduction of components in the PPSU/talc/PC system plays a decisive role in the formation of the structure and mechanical properties of the composite material.
Fibre Chemistry. 49 (2018) 414-419

Fabrication of Electrospun Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/TiO2 Nanofiber Lathifah Puji Hastuti1,a, Ahmad Kusumaatmaja2,b, and Indriana Kartini1,c* 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia alathifah.puji.h@mail.ugm.ac.id, bahmad_k@ugm.ac.id, cindriana@ugm.ac.id Keywords: Nanofiber, electrospinning, CNT, TiO2, photocatalyst.
On the other side, the formation of a nanofiber structure has been pronounced as an effective way to obtain large surface area materials.
The crystalline structure of the nanofibers was evaluated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD, PANalytical Xpert3 Powder) using Cu-Kα radiation at a scan rate of 2º min-1 in the range 2q of 5–90º.

The diffraction patterns of Figs. 3a and 3b show that the powders are crystallized in the ZrTiO4 structure according to ICDD file #80-1783. 0 200 400 600 800 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 100 200 300 400 500 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 DSC (mW) Temperature ( o C) mass (mg) Temperature ( o C) Figure 1.
The porous structure of the specimen, determined by mercury porosimetry, adsorbs water molecules yielding hydroxyl groups, which, by their turn, dissociate to produce H + charge carriers, responsible for enhancing the electrical conductivity.
Scherer, Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, San Diego, 1990). 7.

Although deposition relies on neutral species, fluorinated chemistry requests high power to produce their deposition precursors; therefore, high pressure (high concentration of molecules) and power (high power density to produce precursors) are required in order to assure fluorinated deposition at a reasonable deposition rate.
This is lower on Teflon-like plasma polymerized structures [13].
When particles are present, the mechanism of HFE plasma polymerization must vary significantly, leading maintenance of the precursor molecule structure.

The analysis of untreated TiP additionally demonstrates the complex surface structure of the uppermost about 5 nm of TiP: TiP is not only covered by a TiO2 layer of some nm, but additionally carbon is found in conspicuous amounts and the O/Ti ratio is much higher than two, as expected for TiO2.
Coating with PPAAm reduced the antimicrobial activity of Cu PIII-TiP. 114 CFU were estimated on samples coated with PPAAm (about 10 nm) and the cell structure of the bacteria remained unchanged.
Ohl, in: �on-thermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics, edited by J.

Arató a aCeramics and Composites Laboratory, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Budapest, Hungary, bDepartment of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, cNanotechnology Department, Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Budapest, Hungary.
As it is shown in Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b and Fig. 1c, after sintering the CNTs are preserved in the structure.
Hui, Effectiveness of using carbon nanotubes as nano-reinforcements for advanced composite structures, Carbon 40 (2002) 1597-1617

From fig.3B it can be seen that the diffraction peak of uncross-linked blend films basically correspond to KGM powder’s, but the peak intensity was significantly reduced compared to KGM powder’s, which was attribute to the regular arrangement of KGM molecular chain were constrained by the adding of SH leading its structure was disturbed.
Nevertheless, the broad hump located of cross-linked film around 2θ=11º and 2θ= 20º display ill-defined diffraction peaks, possibly caused by KGM occurred deacetylation which lead molecular chain close to each other after crosslink, promoting a large number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed, resulting generate some crystallization, and using crystalline parts as a junction to form net structure, therefore, the crystallinity of film increased after cross-linked [9].
Lin: Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry.

Ecotoxicity of CNTs may depend on a large number of factors such as surface area and chemistry, functionalization character, shape, size, production method, solvability, etc.
There exists the risk of negative consequences of CNTs penetration into living bodies, among them alteration in liver cells functions and structure.
For the material structure influence evaluation Carbon Black (CB) (RF GOST Certificate of Conformity 7885-86) was used.
Its structure constitutes spherical formations(~ 15…50 nm), agglomerating into a rough layer (Fig. 2).
Liver structure: а) control; b) СВ; c) MWCNT 0.3 mg/kg; d) MWCNT 3 mg/kg; e) MWCNT 30 mg/kg (focal intralobular inflammatory infiltrates are marked by arrows); stained with hematoxylin and eosin (100X magnification).