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This observation was attributed to stress induced by the size mismatch between ZnO and Al ions, as well as the accumulation of Al at grain boundaries as the doping concentration increased.
The likely reasons are that excessive Sn leads to defect clustering or secondary phase formation, reduces the number of available adsorption sites, and increases charge-carrier recombination due to trap states [34].

In general, the PM products can be grouped in 2 sections: the precision parts, mostly iron-based, for which the main benefit is economical production with excellent precision and in large numbers, and the special materials that are not accessible by other routes and which offer primarily technical benefits.
Since the parameters such as e.g. binder content, WC grain size, content of cubic carbides can be varied to a wide degree, for virtually any job a suitable hardmetal is available.

In this case, the number and size of pores are affected by the amount of crystals and their sizes, since, for samples sintered at 1000-1030°C crystal growing probably took place.
Additionally, the presence of finer grains and lower porosity of the composition 40 wt.% LZSA, 60 wt.% ZrSiO4 improved the interaction between the matrix and the reinforcement, which resulted in the highest strength (180 MPa) [14].

These limits are governed by NBR 7211/2009 [15], which describes the percent retained by sieve, defining the optimal range for sand with grains of all sizes in suitable proportions, and this region can be classified as excellent or usable.
Nevertheless, once defined the difference adjustment, the content begins to occur easily and efficiently decreasing the number of tests during the manufacturing process.

G values for the degradation of HCB in 2-propanol were calculated using the following Eq. 2: G=∆C*NA*100D*6.2*1015, molecule/100eV (2) where: - ΔC is the change in HCB concentration; - NA is Avogadro's number; - D is the applied dose.
Odeh, Effect of gamma irradiation on some carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wheat grains, Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 36(5) (2016) 873–883.

This tendency goes upward because of the used oil already contains a number of heavy particles and additional components from machine wear.
Further, the water during the sliding operation cleaned away the majority of the debris and grains, reducing abrasive wear.

In 1996, Vazquez Belisario Sanchez (Mexico) at al. invented an hydro-ultrasonic classifier in which an ultrasound transducer was installed in the bottom of the lamella classifying area, which enhanced the fine-grained materials separate from thick ones with the vibration of ultrasonic wave [5].
It had been formed commercial industrialization when a number of industrial application test were finished in enterprises.

• When strain localization is dominated by shear-banding, then L∗e should be considerably smaller than the sheet thickness; in this case L∗e should be chosen to be of the order of the average grain size.
The same element types and number of integration points through the sheet thickness as in the square-cup stamping simulations (see previous section) were used.

Therefore, the total number of specimens considered in this experimental investigation was fifty four cylinders and fifty four prisms.
This difference is due mainly to the high fineness and pozzolanic property of silica fume, the effect of the latter is two folds: a physical effect, by its high finesse, it occupies the pores and interstices between the grains of cement causing increasing the compactness of the cement matrix and a chemical effect, having an amorphous structure which in the presence of Ca(OH)2 released during the hydration of cement and water gives rise to new formations CSH and CAH [21, 22, 23, 24], possessing binding properties similar to those formed based on cement minerals, which explains the high mechanical strengths of SCCSF.

Number x ∆Ux vs.
Results Figure 1 shows the microstructure of the high-alloy CrMnNi steel with the austenite as the major constituent and including the martensitic phase and the d-ferrite phase at the grain boundaries.