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The structure of the adsorbent silica gel and river sand was determined by using X-ray diffraction.
There are present of quartz low and Stishovite in the sand river structure.
The broad peak refers to the amorphous structure of the silica gel.
The peak present at 2θ = 25.25° which is correspond to the (1 0 0) quartz structure.
The broad peak diffraction in silica shows the amorphous structure.

Carbon nanotubes are a recently discovered allotrope of carbon comprising of long –chained molecule of carbon with carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal network to form a tubular structure.
Another form of carbon was reported in 1991 by Iijima when he observed for the first time tubular carbon structures.
Shindo, "Thermal conductivity of polymer composites with close-packed structure of nano and micro fillers," Composites: Part A, vol. 40, pp. 724–730, 2009
Ghasemi-Nejhad, "Analytical and numerical techniques to predict carbon nanotubes properties," International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 43, pp. 6832–6854, 2006
Galiotis, "Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, pp. 357-401, 2010

The latter, in a given period, is a highly informative method, and allows you to study in detail the trabecular structure of bone tissue, as well as to identify its small and low-contrast structures, and initial changes in bone tissue, which would be difficult to assess with standard radiography.
The experiments relate to genetics, developmental biology, ethology, and applied research such as biomedical, xenotransplantation, drug testing, toxicological experiments (including cosmetics and household chemistry testing).
With an enlarged image, you can determine the configuration of the bone, detect areas of bone thinning, and identify the structure of the cortex.
In modern medical practice, x-ray densitometry is the gold standard for complex diagnostics of bone structures.
Analyzes of the results of X-ray computed tomography showed a low level of evaluation of the trabecular structure of bone tissue.

SiC/SiC composites have been considered for application to the fusion blanket/first wall structures since early 1990's [7].
by the irradiation-induced modification of the nano-crystalline structures and the presence of substantial amount of oxygen and excess carbon [23, 24].
In that perspective, the optimum interphase structure and configurations for the advanced CVI composites have recently been explored.
Additionally, the smaller grain sizes and the possibly altered grain boundary chemistry in fibers may also influence the high-temperature irradiation response.
Finally, void swelling may be a critical issue for SiC-based materials when applied to fuel cladding and core structures of gas-cooled reactors, in which fuel temperature largely exceeds 1000°C.

The structure of the tungsten whiskers grown at the cool end of the incandescent spiral is clearly revealed by this image.
The SEI image shows the grain structure of the layer, at the BEI image and the Pb grain are bright, and the Sn ones is dark.
It is possible to superimpose different signals depending on the structure and composition of the samples.
AFM images can provide useful information on surface roughness, secondary grains in a nano-scale and the homogeneity of the structure face of the structure.
reveals the primary structure of the fibres, but the secondary structure is only visible in the AFM image 7/b.

Organic binders can penetrate coal material well, even penetrate the pore structure of coal, and can be hard-bonded to coal material after dry curing[14-17].
From Fig. 2, it can be seen that the structure of the unburned brown coal gangue is very dense and has a relatively stable crystalline structure.
However, the microstructure of brown coal gangue calcined at 700℃ was destroyed, the structure was very loose and the internal surface area increased significantly.
The incorporation of Ca²⁺ ions into the gel structure is known to promote the formation of C-(A)-S-H type gels[1,2].
Zhang, Effect of admixture on the pore structure refinement and enhanced performance of alkali-activated fly ash-slag concrete, Constr.

However, the presence of crosslinked sizing agent structures does not always lead to uniform dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix.
For better compatibility of PPS with GF, a polymer containing amino groups in the structure is synthesized.
Recently, high-frequency discharges have been used most often to modify fibrous materials of various structures.
SEM topographic structures of PPS surfaces after various parameters of preliminary treatment with low-pressure plasma.
The development of technologies and methods of polymer design, physical chemistry of polymer mixtures leads to the fact that the study of the effect of adhesion on the strength of composites is a constantly developing field.

Nandi2,b and Adarsha H.J.3,c 1Department of Chemistry, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management (AITM), Savagaon Road, Belagavi-5800321, Karnataka, India 2Chemistry section, Department of Engineering Science and Humanities, KLE Dr.
Crystallinity and tetragonal crystal structure transforming from the monoclinic structure of the 6 wt. % doped Cr was confirmed from the XRD measurements with the matching 2θ values of the crystal phase.
More doping of Cr agglomerates the nano hybrid inorganic structures in tungsten oxide.
XRD patterns reveal monoclinic structure transforms into agglomerated tetragonal crystal structure and diffraction peaks agrees with the JCPDS file 43-1035.
Granqvist, Electrochromic oxides: a band structure approach, Sol.

Another disadvantage of batteries is their short service life due to degradation of the material structure.
Activated carbon can be produced through activation methods either physically, chemically, or a combination of physics and chemistry.
The structure of graphite shows potential as an effective electrode material.
The results of characterization using XRD for silicon nanoparticles showed a crystalline structure, as shown in Figure 3b.
Zhao et al., Fluorinated ether electrolyte with controlled solvation structure for high voltage lithium metal batteries, Nat.

Beforehand the samples were immersed to iso-propanol to fill-up the pore structure, then fractured in liquid nitrogen and sputtered under vacuum with a thin (5 nm) layer of gold.
Both the results of IR and NMR spectroscopy results indicate the occurrence of cross-coupling processes between molecules of monomers and the formation of a branched polyaromatic structure.
The this bond can characterize the structure of the periphery of the polymer particles.
At the same time, the signals that correspond to carbon atoms in the benzene rings in the edges of the structure are quite intense.
Petroleum Chemistry, 51 (2011) 514-518