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Online since: June 2014
Authors: John Banhart, Meng Liu, Randi Holmestad, Calin Daniel Marioara
The NA kinetics of all the samples listed in Table 1 were measured using in-situ PALS in a ‘fast data acquisition’ mode [3].
Such fits represented all experimental data well.
According to recent atom probe data [8], clustering during NA up to 2 weeks produces mainly Mg-Si and Mg-Si-Cu clusters consisting of on average 2 to 10 atoms.
Electrical resistivity measurements suggested a reduction of the migration rate of solute atoms by a factor of 10 due to Cu addition [20].
Such fits represented all experimental data well.
According to recent atom probe data [8], clustering during NA up to 2 weeks produces mainly Mg-Si and Mg-Si-Cu clusters consisting of on average 2 to 10 atoms.
Electrical resistivity measurements suggested a reduction of the migration rate of solute atoms by a factor of 10 due to Cu addition [20].
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Luís Macedo, Smail Kechidi, Nouredine Bourahla, José Miguel Castro
Either the Effective Width Method or the more accurate Direct Strength Method [9] could be used to evaluate their axial and flexural design strengths in order to take into account the strength reduction resulting from the development of buckling effects (local, distortional and global).
This hysteresis model has been validated against experimental test data [12] and is available in the OpenSees software version 2.4.5 and above [11].
FEMA P695 defines four different sources of uncertainties in seismic performance evaluation: uncertainty due to record-to-record variability, βRTR; uncertainty due to design requirements, βDR; uncertainty related the test data, βTD; uncertainty related to modelling of the structure, βMDL.
The test data related uncertainty was taken as good because the experimental tests carried out by [12], revealed the wood-sheathed CFS-SWP behaviour under several lateral loading levels.
This hysteresis model has been validated against experimental test data [12] and is available in the OpenSees software version 2.4.5 and above [11].
FEMA P695 defines four different sources of uncertainties in seismic performance evaluation: uncertainty due to record-to-record variability, βRTR; uncertainty due to design requirements, βDR; uncertainty related the test data, βTD; uncertainty related to modelling of the structure, βMDL.
The test data related uncertainty was taken as good because the experimental tests carried out by [12], revealed the wood-sheathed CFS-SWP behaviour under several lateral loading levels.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Cezar Serban Clonda, Ciprian Ionita, Aurora Antoniac, Adrian G. Podoleanu, Meda Lavinia Negrutiu, Cosmin Sinescu, Mihai Rominu, Carla Andreea Madaras
Finer powder yields a greater reduction in surface area.
To eliminate artifacts due to image truncation, lower-dose (compared to MAF acquisition) full-FOV (FFOV) FPD RA sequences (194 µm pixel, FOV=20 cm) were also obtained to complete the missing data (Fig. 3).
Test of normality showed that data were not normally distributed and therefore, non-parametric tests were used.
Analysis of data was carried out using the Kruskal- Wallis test with multiple pair wise comparisons.
To eliminate artifacts due to image truncation, lower-dose (compared to MAF acquisition) full-FOV (FFOV) FPD RA sequences (194 µm pixel, FOV=20 cm) were also obtained to complete the missing data (Fig. 3).
Test of normality showed that data were not normally distributed and therefore, non-parametric tests were used.
Analysis of data was carried out using the Kruskal- Wallis test with multiple pair wise comparisons.
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Natalia S. Goltsman, Dmitriy M. Kuzmenkov, Elena A. Yatsenko, Lyubov A. Yatsenko, Boris M. Goltsman
Results and Discussion
Materials that play the role of fluxes in the silicate industry were selected based on the literature data [18-21].
Then which there is a transition of silicon tetrafluoride to the gas phase and its interaction with water vapor released during heating from the foaming mixture according to reaction (5): 4NaF + 3SiO2 → 2Na2SiO3 + SiF4↑, (4) SiF4 + 3H2O → SiO2 + 4HF, (5) However, it is clearly seen on the basis of the available experimental data that the small additions of fluorides are the most effective, and the melting action of fluorides and oxides (in terms of the number of destroyed bridges) is nonequivalent.
In this case, the melt already contains from 15 to 30 % Na2O introduced with NaOH, i.e. microphase plays a decisive role in viscosity reduction.
Müller, The nature of activation energy and experimental data on the fluidity of refractory glass-forming substances, J.
Then which there is a transition of silicon tetrafluoride to the gas phase and its interaction with water vapor released during heating from the foaming mixture according to reaction (5): 4NaF + 3SiO2 → 2Na2SiO3 + SiF4↑, (4) SiF4 + 3H2O → SiO2 + 4HF, (5) However, it is clearly seen on the basis of the available experimental data that the small additions of fluorides are the most effective, and the melting action of fluorides and oxides (in terms of the number of destroyed bridges) is nonequivalent.
In this case, the melt already contains from 15 to 30 % Na2O introduced with NaOH, i.e. microphase plays a decisive role in viscosity reduction.
Müller, The nature of activation energy and experimental data on the fluidity of refractory glass-forming substances, J.
Online since: July 2021
Authors: Andrii Kondratiev, Oleksandr Haidachuk, Anton Tsaritsynskyi
The paper [17] proposes and verifies the physico-mathematical model of the material impregnation based on the analytical expression for the diffusion coefficient satisfactorily describing the experimental data.
As referenced above, the most of the published papers do not contain the data of analysis of the criticality of the process under study for the safe production activity.
Results and Discussion Fig. 2 as an example shows the results of the binder temperature calculations over the depth of the impregnating bath obtained for the following initial data [25, 26].
With such distribution of temperatures, binder viscosities at the entry to and exit from the bath will differ significantly, causing the reduction of the rate of absorption of the binder in the reinforcing material.
As referenced above, the most of the published papers do not contain the data of analysis of the criticality of the process under study for the safe production activity.
Results and Discussion Fig. 2 as an example shows the results of the binder temperature calculations over the depth of the impregnating bath obtained for the following initial data [25, 26].
With such distribution of temperatures, binder viscosities at the entry to and exit from the bath will differ significantly, causing the reduction of the rate of absorption of the binder in the reinforcing material.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: L.A. Suleymanova, K.A. Kara, Inna A. Pogorelova
Substitute these data in
(8)
to find that the minimum porosity of dry cement gel is 28% of its volume, i.e. the gel pores account for approximately 1/3 of the volume.
Based on these data, Ckap = 0.001·(B – 0.325C).
As shown in Table 2, cement dough poring at α = 1 and WC = 0.6 should reduce the density of D500 cellular concrete from 1,745 kg/m3 to 706 kg/m3 or by a factor of 2.47; for D100 heat-insulation concrete, the reduction is to 141.2 kg/m3 or by a factor of 12.3.
The nature of gel porosity and the data on cement consumption per cubic meter of cellular concrete indicate a need for maximizing the use of binders in heat insulation concrete.
Based on these data, Ckap = 0.001·(B – 0.325C).
As shown in Table 2, cement dough poring at α = 1 and WC = 0.6 should reduce the density of D500 cellular concrete from 1,745 kg/m3 to 706 kg/m3 or by a factor of 2.47; for D100 heat-insulation concrete, the reduction is to 141.2 kg/m3 or by a factor of 12.3.
The nature of gel porosity and the data on cement consumption per cubic meter of cellular concrete indicate a need for maximizing the use of binders in heat insulation concrete.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Nan Jiang, Yuan Zhi He, Lei Guo
They communicate with space user nodes using Inter Satellite Link (ISL) , and with other user nodes using User Data Link (UDL).
Table 3 Simulation parameters Name Data Name Data ICL 54Mb/s {α,β,ρ} {0.3,0.03,0.03} ISL 28Mb/s M 8 UDL 2Mb/s EFF(n,x) EFF(10,0.025) {Dr,Br.Lr} for class A {0.4,0.2,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for class A {0.5,0.25,0.25} {Dr,Br.Lr} for class B {1.5,0.5,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for class B {0.25,0.5,0.25} {Dr,Br.Lr} for class C {0.7,0.2,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for class C {0.4,0.3,0.3} {Dr,Br.Lr} for ACO {0.7,0.2,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for ACO {0.4,0.3,0.3} T 5s 5.2 ATCR algorithm performance analysis 1) End to end delay When the network traffic amount is 8000 packet/s, the end to end delay of ATCR is compared with TCD algorithm in Fig 1 and Fig 2.
Figure 1 End to end delay of traffic class A and C Figure 2 End to end delay of traffic class B The end to end delay of ATCR is less than that of TCD in every traffic class, because multi-QoS constraints are considered in ATCR, which leads to a more balanced distribution of network traffic and occurrence reduction of link congestion.
Table 3 Simulation parameters Name Data Name Data ICL 54Mb/s {α,β,ρ} {0.3,0.03,0.03} ISL 28Mb/s M 8 UDL 2Mb/s EFF(n,x) EFF(10,0.025) {Dr,Br.Lr} for class A {0.4,0.2,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for class A {0.5,0.25,0.25} {Dr,Br.Lr} for class B {1.5,0.5,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for class B {0.25,0.5,0.25} {Dr,Br.Lr} for class C {0.7,0.2,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for class C {0.4,0.3,0.3} {Dr,Br.Lr} for ACO {0.7,0.2,0.015} {ε1,ε2,ε3} for ACO {0.4,0.3,0.3} T 5s 5.2 ATCR algorithm performance analysis 1) End to end delay When the network traffic amount is 8000 packet/s, the end to end delay of ATCR is compared with TCD algorithm in Fig 1 and Fig 2.
Figure 1 End to end delay of traffic class A and C Figure 2 End to end delay of traffic class B The end to end delay of ATCR is less than that of TCD in every traffic class, because multi-QoS constraints are considered in ATCR, which leads to a more balanced distribution of network traffic and occurrence reduction of link congestion.
Online since: March 2017
Authors: Prihartini Widiyanti, Dian Marta Rizkawati, Izak R. Djony
In 1913, Sabella used the amniotic membrane on the surface of a burned and ulcerated skin, and she observed reduction in infection that is characterized by a decrease in pain and an increase in the rate of re-epithelialization of the traumatic skin surface.
The process of data collection was done by wounding the mice by performing incisions and then closing the wound with a mixture of amniotic membrane with some variation of the concentrations of glutaraldehyde.
Data of FTIR Results Wave Numbers in Human Amniotic Membrane-Glutaraldehyde Mixture Sample Variation of Glutaraldehyde Addition Concentrations C-N N-H Wave Number (cm-1) Intensity Wave Number (cm-1) Intensity A 0% 1242.16 25.873 3309.85 10.161 B 0.25% 1242.16 10.347 3309.85 1.256 C 0.5% 1242.16 12.438 3309.85 1.434 D 0.75% 1242.16 10.226 3309.85 0.907 E 1% 1242.16 8.728 3309.85 0.677 F 1.25% 1242.16 15.085 3309.85 1.964 The effect of glutaraldehyde on amniotic membrane related on chemical interaction namely cross-linking At the early stage, the cross-linking reaction could to decrease the mobility of protein molecules and to conduct barriers to cross-linker infiltration [22].
Re-epithelialization Percentage Sample Variation of Glutaraldehyde Addition Concentrations Day Wound’s Width (mm) Re-epithelialization Percentage Total Closed by Epithelium A 0% 5 0.618 0.104 20.233% B 0.25% 5 0.220 0.220 100.000% C 0.5% 5 0.574 0.574 100.000% D 0.75% 5 0.199 0.199 100.000% E 1% 5 0.198 0.198 100.000% F 1.25% 5 0.183 0.183 100.000% Re-epithelialization percentage data can be seen in Table 3.
The process of data collection was done by wounding the mice by performing incisions and then closing the wound with a mixture of amniotic membrane with some variation of the concentrations of glutaraldehyde.
Data of FTIR Results Wave Numbers in Human Amniotic Membrane-Glutaraldehyde Mixture Sample Variation of Glutaraldehyde Addition Concentrations C-N N-H Wave Number (cm-1) Intensity Wave Number (cm-1) Intensity A 0% 1242.16 25.873 3309.85 10.161 B 0.25% 1242.16 10.347 3309.85 1.256 C 0.5% 1242.16 12.438 3309.85 1.434 D 0.75% 1242.16 10.226 3309.85 0.907 E 1% 1242.16 8.728 3309.85 0.677 F 1.25% 1242.16 15.085 3309.85 1.964 The effect of glutaraldehyde on amniotic membrane related on chemical interaction namely cross-linking At the early stage, the cross-linking reaction could to decrease the mobility of protein molecules and to conduct barriers to cross-linker infiltration [22].
Re-epithelialization Percentage Sample Variation of Glutaraldehyde Addition Concentrations Day Wound’s Width (mm) Re-epithelialization Percentage Total Closed by Epithelium A 0% 5 0.618 0.104 20.233% B 0.25% 5 0.220 0.220 100.000% C 0.5% 5 0.574 0.574 100.000% D 0.75% 5 0.199 0.199 100.000% E 1% 5 0.198 0.198 100.000% F 1.25% 5 0.183 0.183 100.000% Re-epithelialization percentage data can be seen in Table 3.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Amir Al-Ahmed, Haitham M. Bahaidarah, Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder
Moreover, polyaniline synthesized with these polyelectrolytes maintains charge neutrality during reduction and this poses an added advantage for immobilization of the biomolecule.
The bio-catalytic reaction involves the reduction of the flavin group (FAD) to (FADH2) of the enzyme by glucose.
All these biosensor systems that were prepared using PANI and its derivatives were successfully categorized using a range of instrumental techniques and most of them showed good detection limits, stability and fast response time compared with the data of other biosensors available in the literature.
Though some commercial biosensors are trying to use polyaniline, but not very specific data is available regarding PANI’s use as a viable biosensor.
Morphology and chemistry of its oxidation and reduction in aqueous electrolytes, Faraday Trans. 82 (1986) 2385-2400
The bio-catalytic reaction involves the reduction of the flavin group (FAD) to (FADH2) of the enzyme by glucose.
All these biosensor systems that were prepared using PANI and its derivatives were successfully categorized using a range of instrumental techniques and most of them showed good detection limits, stability and fast response time compared with the data of other biosensors available in the literature.
Though some commercial biosensors are trying to use polyaniline, but not very specific data is available regarding PANI’s use as a viable biosensor.
Morphology and chemistry of its oxidation and reduction in aqueous electrolytes, Faraday Trans. 82 (1986) 2385-2400
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Ding Ye Fang, Wei Qun Lu, Zhi Yong Yang
The data under the 18 conditions include different carbon content, ash content, volatile matter content, bed temperature, fuel particle size, Ca/S molar ratio, etc., and therefore can meet the analysis requirement for mixed fuel combustion.
Table 3 presents the measured data of fuel combustion characteristics under 18 operating conditions in the trial test, including factors influencing the fuel combustion characteristics, such as bed temperature, primary and secondary airflow rate, calcium-to-sulfur molar ratio, etc., and also data for the evaluation of fuel combustion characteristics, like unburned carbon content in fly ash, unburned carbon content in bottom ash and combustion efficiency.
Chen, The effects of heterogeneous reactions on the reduction of NO in petroleum-coke-fired fluidized beds, 18th international conference on fluidized bed combustion (2005), pp. 417–421
Table 3 presents the measured data of fuel combustion characteristics under 18 operating conditions in the trial test, including factors influencing the fuel combustion characteristics, such as bed temperature, primary and secondary airflow rate, calcium-to-sulfur molar ratio, etc., and also data for the evaluation of fuel combustion characteristics, like unburned carbon content in fly ash, unburned carbon content in bottom ash and combustion efficiency.
Chen, The effects of heterogeneous reactions on the reduction of NO in petroleum-coke-fired fluidized beds, 18th international conference on fluidized bed combustion (2005), pp. 417–421