Search results

The cooling curves at different positions of the specimen during the water spray quenching were collected by a HIOKI 8430-21 data recorder and the acquisition frequency was 10 Hz.
The correlation coefficients of k2~k5 (as shown in Table 2) in Eq. 1 are obtained by fitting the Eq. 1 using the data of hardness-temperature-time of isothermal treated 7050 alloy.
Robinson, Residual stress reduction in 7175-T73, 6061-T6 and 2017A-T4 aluminium alloys using quench factor analysis, J.

Theoretical work can provide valuable guidance for experiment data.
The previous data aren’t gotten for comparisons, so our values are just regarded as a reference for the future research.
Graziani, Surface and reduction energetics of the CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts, J.

Extended ferrite grain size, dext, calculated with Eq. 1 plotted as function of time From the figure, it can be seen that the experimental data can be fitted adequately by a potential relationship.
The data of Figure 1 can be fitted by the following equation: 3 1      ⋅= f f dd ii (2) where d is the mean ferrite gain size after complete transformation, f the volume fraction of ferrite then present and di and fi the corresponding values of these variables at any instant during the incomplete transformation.
Its contribution was calculated to be about 2-3 µm reduction in the final ferrite grain size.

The driving force for the surface melting is thought to be a reduction in the total surface energy  [65,66]:      lv hkl sl hkl sv hkl   (3)  's are surface energies of solid-vapor, solid-liquid and liquid-vapor interfaces of the material and the superscript hkl represents the crystal faces.
Similarly, the bulk melting temperature cannot be extrapolated from the data on prism-shaped indium nanoparticles [43,74].
This has also been verified [96] by comparing the experimental data for CdS with Eq. (4).

One walking-beam furnace (Stein Heurtey, France) may heat the slabs up to 250×1600×10500 mm. 250 mm thick slab is used for production only in case of reduction at the slabbing mill.
Values Thickness*, [mm] Temperature, [°C] Calculated rolling force, [MN×100] Maximum allowed rolling force, [MN×100] Rolling rate, [m/s] Motor power, [kW] 0** 140 01 120 1260 707.3 800 0.85 1343.5 1 90 1237 1217.0 2500 1.26 3758.8 2 60 1213 1508.2 2500 1.36 5046.3 3 42 1178 1260.1 2000 1.78 4676.5 4 32 1138 1039.2 2000 1.78 2907.3 4а 28 1074 722.3 2000 2.89 2129.9 5 22 934 1736.5 2400 1.36 3846.4 6 16 916 1772.1 2400 1.87 4714.1 7 12 898 1346.9 2000 2.67 3619.8 8 10 876 1460.3 1800 3.38 4575.2 9 8 856 1274.1 1700 4.27 4127.9 10 6 834 994.1 1500 5.70 3343.1 * thickness after pass ** initial data According to these calculations, the operating constraints for the equipment of the roughing and finishing trains were not exceeded, which makes it possible to apply these temperature and deformation conditions for the production of pilot batch of the rolled products, Fig. 2.
Actual thermomechanical values of the rolling process Parameter Unit Parameter value Slab reheat temperature [°C] 1260-1280 Heat time [hours-minutes] 2-12 Rolling temperature behind the stand 4а [°C] 1105-1117 Rolling temperature behind the stand 10 [°C] 880-887 Coiling temperature [°C] 623-644 Number of sections, which are used for accelerated cooling [pcs.] 14 Cooling rate [°C/s] 60.2 Comparison of the target and actual data according to the average metal temperatures behind the stands 4a, 10, and coiling temperatures are shown in Fig. 4.

Kontogeorgos et al.[4] assessed the significance of thermal radiation in turbulent non-premixed natural gas flames confined in axisymmetric furnaces, they founded that the comparative assessment of the two radiation models against experimental data and the P-1 model yielding more accurate results.
However, this reduction tends to be compensated by the radiative transfer that takes place between the hot and cold walls.
They founded a Good agreement between the data and the correlations.

Since the data measured of IMC on Cu-Ni-Si alloy, Cu-Zr-Zn-Ti-La, Cu-Zr-Zn-Co-Ti-La is close to that of IMC on Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn, Cu- Cr-Zr-Zn-La, Cu-Zr-Zn-Fe-Ti-La, respectively, so the data measured of IMC on these alloys have not shown in the picture.
Their measurements of the reduction rate of Cu6Sn5 into Cu3Sn in Cu/Cu6Sn5 diffusion couple indicates that the Cu3Sn should be able to grow to an observable thickness.

Only, the averaged data were plotted without error bars in order to present the results clearly.
However, the rate of reduction of the modulus was compensated by the interactions caused in the presence of CNTs in the nanocomposites, which further shows an increase in thermal stability of the matrix with the addition of CNTs, in case of air cooled sample.
Using DMA Data for WLF Equation The commonly used empirical equation for time–temperature superposition (TTS) is the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation, which relates a shift in temperature with a shift in time, Ferry [1980], with an assumption that the free volume increases in linear way with increasing temperature.

Table 1 gives the physical and mechanical characteristics of the natural fibers used to reinforce the wooden beams, taken from the manufacturer’s data sheets.
Basalt fiber Hemp fiber Flax fiber Bamboo fiber Number of coupons 10 10 10 10 Density [g/m3] 442 281 479 408 Tensile strength [MPa] 1880 535 240 58.3 (CoV) [MPa] (101) (46.1) (27.6) (1.58) MOE [MPa] (CoV) [MPa] 90968 (10286) 36529 (2357) 18052 (1498) 5304 (545) Elongation [%] 2.06 1.4 1.3 1.1 Thickness [mm] 0.14* 0.155* 0.267* 0.600 * Evaluated using equivalent thickness as defined by manufacturer data sheet.
Conclusions The results of this experimental program show that natural fiber-based composite materials have made it possible to obtain wood beams with strength and stiffness characteristics superior to unreinforced wood, confirming one of the fundamental aspects on which the idea of reinforcement is based, i.e. the obtaining of a final product that is stronger as a result of the considerable reduction of the influence of physiological defects in the wood on structural behavior.

The mean strain causes the effective ductility of the material to be consumed, resulting in a significant reduction in fatigue life.
When the mean strain is 0%, the test data of low cycle fatigue are fitted according to the Manson-Coffin model, and the results are shown in Table 3.
The data in Table 2 show that when the mean strain is greater than 0%, the fatigue life decreases with the increase of the mean strain, and the fatigue life decreases with the increase of the mean strain absolute value when the mean strain is less than 0%.