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The normative ISO/ASTM describes additive manufacturing as the process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive and formative manufacturing methodologies [5].
This greater design freedom offered by AM also tends to facilitate the reduction, or even in some cases, the complete elimination of additional forming, cutting and assembly steps [6,7].

The ρs data generated by this study could serve as database for further investigations on ρs in FUNAAB and other environments with similar geophysical properties as well as a guide for grounding system design and installation.
Nwabanne, Improvement of earthing and lightning system using effective electrode resistance reduction method, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 11(8) (2022) 306-310

However, excess residence time can negatively influence biodiesel production by favouring the backward reaction (hydrolysis of esters) which results in a reduction of product yield [7].
Biodiesel yield obtained from the experiments and the operating parameters used Run Temperature (oC) Methanol-to-Oil Ratio Biodiesel Yield (%) 1 67.5 3 51.25 2 60 9 75 3 67.5 6 71.43 4 70 6 50 5 70 3 56.25 6 67.5 9 70 7 70 9 75 8 60 6 57.14 9 60 3 59.17 As such, the data obtained from the experiments carried out were used to develop a model equation for the process, which could be used to obtain the optimum operating parameters.

Presented data are for untreated a-Si:H film and different sample geometry: 1-1, 1-2, 2-1 and 2-2.
The photoconductivity of the samples after irradiation decreased by 4 times and more due to amorphous silicon phase volume fraction reduction caused by material ablation and crystallization.

Hot rolling was conducted for attaining sheet with high reduction rate 2mm thickness.
The lattice parameters obtained from the XRD data are 3.722 Å and 3.679 Å for the kappa carbides and γ-matrix, respectively [21].

Introduction Aluminum alloys have been widely used as key structural materials in automobiles [1, 2], ships [3, 4], bullet trains [5] and aircraft [6-8] to meet the comprehensive requirements of desired mechanical properties, weight reductions and fuel consumption improvements.
Three measurements were executed for each group so as to guarantee the reliability of the experiment data.

Despite the reduction in mechanical strength, the stabilized kaolinitic clay exhibits potential for use in unfired forms for earth construction due to its enhanced durability.
Okeiyi, “Use of quick and hydrated lime in stabilization of lateritic soil: comparative analysis of laboratory data,” International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 8(3), (2017), 1-13, doi: 10.1186/s40703-017-0041-3

The XRD data and curves reveal that the RE doped barium ferrites (D-BaM) have been successfully prepared.
Zhang, et al, Influence of (RGO)/(ferrite) ratios and graphene reduction degree on microwave absorption properties of graphene composite, J.

In addition, this reduction in stresses at 24 degrees is slightly less than the von Mises stress in the fixture, making the fixture more likely to get plastic.
Torsten, "Data on implant failures will show different results depending on how patients are compiled and analyzed: A retrospective study on 3902 individual patients treated either with one single implant or implants in the edentulous upper jaw", Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 22.2 (2020), pp. 226-236

The data range (Rj) was defined as the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of yj1.
Khyari, The sandskink of the sahara-A model for friction and wear reduction, Proc.