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In these simulations we consider the Al2O3-water, SiO2-water and TiO2-water as coolants.
The simulation was performed using the software, ANSYS FLUENT.
Results and Interpretations After the simulation calculations converged, we tested mesh independence.
El Hammami, Numerical Simulation of the cooling of heated electronic blocks in horizontal channel by mixed convection of nanofluids, Journal of Nanomaterials. 2020 (2020) 11 pages.
Ijam, CFD investigation of nanofluid effects (cooling performance and pressure drop) in mini-channel heat sink, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 40 (2013) 58-66.

Thus, the main objective of this investigation is to design a new high-performance burner for a compact reformer with the following specific objectives: 1) to determine a basic configuration of the burner for a 40 Nm3/hr hydrogen-generating reformer, 2) to modify the basic configuration applying for the HTAC concept, 3) to optimize the design through numerical simulations for various conditions; and 4) to experimentally validate the temperature uniformity.
Computational Methods Commercially available CFD code FLUENT 6.0 was used to design a new configuration of the reformer burner [6].
The experimental measurements were carried out for a test burner of the same configuration as the optimized one for numerical simulations: the same dimensions as those of the burner with the self-regenerative burner shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

The FE analysis is used for macro-scale simulation while the DE method is applied to simulate meso-scale phenomena taking place in the thin, sometimes a few micron thickness, surface layer.
A model of the FSW process effectively should be a 3-D either thermomechanical (TMM) or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to reflect the three main stages of the process, such as the tool penetration period, the welding and the pulling out of the tool.
Simulations of the reheating and breakdown laboratory rolling of the Al-Mg-Mn alloy AA3104 and examination of the specimens using glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) revealed that the reheating induced significant Mg enrichment in the surface and near surface regions.

In fact, the thermal analysis of the heat transfer in the evaporators is performed by numerical simulations and the extractions of the governing equations of the process.
Globally, thermal study by numerical simulation is generally performed by computational fluid dynamic CFD, as in this research work where heat transfer is analyzed in tube solar collectors [33].
Because previous studies have focused on the numerical simulation of evaporators, mathematical modeling can also be used to study and identify their thermal processes and abilities.
In effect, with the large use of Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD in the numerical simulation of fluids and gases involved and produced in the heat transfer process, mathematical modeling is considered a powerful method to describe the heat exchanger, especially for the serpentine evaporator, where there is a research gap and the necessity to create new models.
Alsagri, Design and dynamic simulation of a photovoltaic thermal-organic Rankine cycle considering heat transfer between components, Energy Conversion and Management. 225 (2020) 113435

His areas of interest are Heat Transfer, I.C.Engines, Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning, CFD and Renewable Energies.
His research interests are in the areas of Alternative fuels, Simulation of heat and mass transfer systems, Combustion in Gas turbines, Thermodynamics, CFD and renewable energy sources.

These regions are not related to the spatial discretization for the flow solution with the CFD code.
The dimensions of the external domain with porous medium are: H = L = 0.5 m for all simulations, i.e., the outer area is a geometric constraint of the problem, and H/L = 1.0 is used.
Simulations are performed in a computer with a processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-5930K CPU @ 3.50GHz and 16 GB of RAM memory.
Simulations are considered converged when the residuals are lower than R < 10-6.
For the case with CR = 10, to reduce the number of simulations performed, the channel evolved occupying two spaces at a time.

In 2005, Chan researched the blood flow characteristics of the axial-flow artificial heart pump, and found the relation between blade parameters and system performance by CFD simulations[7].
Simulation and Analysis of Maglev Blood Pump’s Magnetic Field ANSYS can directly calculate the electric force and structural deformation, the accuracy is guaranteed at the technical level.

[34] Najdat A Mahmood, Muhsin J Jweeg and Mumtaz Y Rajab, Investigation of Partially Pressurized Thick Cylindrical Shells, Modelling, simulation & control B.
[38] Rasha Hayder Al-Khayat, Maher A R Sadiq Al-Baghdadi, Ragad Aziz Neama and Muhannad Al-Waily, Optimization CFD Study of Erosion in 3D Elbow During Transportation of Crude Oil Contaminated with Sand Particles, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7, 3 (2018) 1420–1428
[45] Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari, Lutfi Y Zedan and Akram M Al-Shammari, FE Simulation of Multi-Stage Cold Forging Process for Metal Shell of Spark Plug Manufacturing, 1st International Scientific Conference of Engineering Sciences, 3rd Scientific Conference of Engineering Science (2018)
Hamzah, Muhannad Al-Waily, Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari, A Finite Element Simulation of Nano Effects on Stress Distribution in a Below Knee Prosthetic, 4th International Conference on Engineering Sciences, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1067 (2021)
[75] M A Al-Baghdadi, K K Resan and Muhannad Al-Waily, CFD Investigation of the Erosion Severity In 3D Flow Elbow During Crude Oil Contaminated Sand Transportation, The 1st International Scientific Conference of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials in Petroleum & Gas Industry, 3–4 May 2017, Engineering and Technology Journal, 35, Part A, 9 (2017).

CFD ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R2 was used for the flow simulation.
Two types of simulations were run to illustrate how the system functions in this study.
Another kind of simulation will examine how heat is transferred within the stove.
As a starting point for the simulations, we used the actual dimensions of the stove and ventilation system.
Furthermore, the simulation indicates that a certain amount of flow through the baffle plate is represented by a flow line.

The temperature fields are computed through numerical simulations, adopting a verified and validated three-dimensional model.
The ratio r = Sv/Sh is varied between 0.03 and 12.3, approximately, through 28 simulations whose results are presented ahead.
From the numerical data of each simulation, P is modeled by the sine-based functions: Pjt = ajsinbjt+cj + dj
Lachal, Cooling and preheating with buried pipe systems: monitoring, simulation and economic aspects.
Wilcox, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, DCW Industries, Califórnia, 2006