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To achieve it, a structural grid model was established, and then a CFD tool was used to collect performance data.
Either in supersonic condition or in regimes of high angle of attack, it can still remain favorable control efficiency, which is a particular advantage over conventional rudder. 3 Simulation model To simplify the process of establishing simulation model, the specific structure of split-drag-rudder here will not be taken into account; it is simplified as zero-thickness surfaces.

In the PDM system, the product structure tree is defined and maintained according to the product configuration structure tree, product assembly model, part model and relevant drawings and documents produced in the product configuration system, the production structure and assembly relation, or the relation among the documents, and then all the other information related to the various product components is connected to the product structure tree via link; then the data and all the relevant information of each section are configured, displayed and managed in layers through Design resources, knowledge base, PDM system Network environment, application protocols, database Fig. 1 Digital industrial design system framework Design positioning Market demand, product development plans Simulation evaluations Collisions check, ergonomics evaluation, CAE simulation analysis, aesthetic analysis, functional performance test, synthetically evaluation Graphic output
Design application of enterprise product development Toolkit for digital industrial design Online browsing and date interface Knowledge base management system PDM system Design resource, knowledge base Network environment, application protocol and relation database 3D-CAD(Pro/E) CAE(Ansys+CFD) Design process management Navigation of task design Modularization configuration design Documents management Industrial design idea design Shape design Color design Layout design Human-machine design Navigation of 3-D modeling design Design analysis and evaluation Human-machine engineering analysis Physical property analysis Mechanical property analysis Design evaluation Fig. 2 Logic structure of the digital industrial design system Design specifications Product configuration design Product configuration design evaluation Industrial design idea design Evaluation industrial design and patent examination Schem alteration

One way is to use the existing CFD correlation calculation softwares for numerical simulation.
The method can achieve the whole system of 2D and 3D numerical simulation, and it is helpful to reveal the rule of fluid flow within the system.

In total, 17,520 time-steps were simulated, representing a simulation time equivalent to 2 years, with only the last year being considered.
The simulations considered temperature variations and the specific geotechnical profile of the city of Rio Grande.
Wilcox, Turbulence modeling for CFD, DCW Industries, USA, 2002
Biserni, Methodology allying standard penetration test and Era-Interim data set for numerical simulations of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers, J.
Isoldi, Further realistic annual simulations of earth-air heat exchangers installations in a coastal city, Sustain.

A CFD model was developed to study the possible inception of cavitation from various options.
Transient simulations are run to assess the potential of time varying characteristics on the incidence of cavitation potential.

A validation exercise indicates that the simulation results are within 5% of published results.
Konz, A Generic Simulation of Energy Consumption of Automobile Air Conditioning Systems.
Musa: In Press, Simulation of Vehicle Cooling Loads at Different Orientations, Heat Transfer Research (2014)
Mohamed Kamar, Computerised Simulation of Automotive Air Conditioning System.
Sabri, Heat transfer simulation of motorcycle fins under varying velocity using CFD method, 2nd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research (2013)

Non-Smooth Surface Flow Drag Reduction Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump Impeller Gu Yunqing1,a,*, Shi Zhengzan1,b, Mou Jiegang1,c,*, Wang Haoshuai1,d, Zhou Peijian1,e 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China aguyunqing@zjut.edu.cn, b1273637942@qq.com, cmjg1964@zjut.edu.cn, d1120619491@qq.com,ezhoupj@zjut.edu.cn Keywords: Impeller, Drag reduction, Non-smooth surface, Numerical simulation.
In order to match the actual results by numerical simulation, CFX introduces a large number of turbulence models including: standard k-ε mode and RNG k-ε mode.
Numerical simulation on drag reduction of rotor with non-smooth bionic surface.
Numerical simulation of efficiency and energy saving characteristics of bionic non-smooth centrifugal pump.
Research on modeling and simulation techniques of thermal analysis on the chassises.

The simulation results showed that increasing the pumping power and belt height lead to a decrease in the thermal component and an increase in the friction coefficient [15].
CFD-simulation of two-phase flows in helical coils.

Multiple surface crack propagation: numerical simulations and experimental tests[J].
A localized collocation meshless method (LCMM) for incompressible flows CFD modeling with applications to transient hemodynamics [J].
Simulation of two dimensional unilateral contact using a coupled FE/EFG method [J].

Ivanov, Regularized equations for numerical simulation of flows in the two-layer shallow water approximation, Journal of computational mathematics and mathematical physics. 58, 5 (2018) 741-761
Milyukova, Numerical simulation of viscous incompressible fluid flow in a cubic cavity, Journal of computational mathematics and mathematical physics. 43, 3 (2003) 453-466
[22] OpenFoam, The open source CFD toolbox, url: https://www.openfoam.com/ [23] I.L.