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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zhong Fu Tan, Hui Xu, Hui Juan Zhang
Research on Generation Coal-saving Effect of the Tiered Pricing of Residential Electricity under Different Power Generation Structures ZHANG Hui-juan1,a, TAN Zhong-fu2, b,XU Hui3,c 1Institute of Energy Economics and Environment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 2Institute of Energy Economics and Environment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 3Institute of Energy Economics and Environment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China azhanghuijuan1213@163.com , btanzhongfubeijing@126.com, clvyx@hgb.hl.sgcc.com.cn Keywords: tiered electricity pricing; demand response; generation structure; coal saving effect Abstract: Tiered pricing of household electricity is a new price measure using economic leverage to encourage energy conservation and emission reduction in electric power industry.
Tiered pricing of household electricity is another measure using price leverage to promote energy saving and emission reduction in power industry.
(7) Case study Data.
Table 1 Parameters of coal-fired and wind power generating units of different scenarios Type of Units Units Installed capacity [MW] Utilization hours [hour] power consumption rate of plants Purchasing price [RMB/MWh] Standard coal consumption rate [g/KWh] Base Scenario Coal-fired units A 600 5000 5.36% 391.9 304 B~C 300 4500 5.36% 391.9 328 D~I 50 3500 5.36% 372.7 442 Wind power plants 246.9 2000 4.05% 610 Contrast Scenario 1 Coal-fired units A 600 5000 5.36% 391.9 304 B~D 300 4000 5.36% 391.9 328 Wind power plants 246.9 2000 4.45% 610 Contrast Scenario 2 Coal-fired units A~B 600 5500 5.36% 391.9 304 Wind power plants 246.9 2000 4.45% 610 Data source: data of base scenario was collected from the Grid Company of city H.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wang Hu Sun, Shu Chen Xu, Li Sha Li
By analyzing the phenomena of the Housing and relevant data, the paper demonstrates the urban and town housing in China is not in short supply in the aggregate and the discrepancy between housing supply and demand is due to the real estate market speculation and investment which have led to the massive housing vacancy.
Therefore, the reduction of vacant housing is more important than the implementation of green building, this conclusion, and vacant housing hazards and data are where the innovation of this article.
The data should be reliable, scientific and accurate.
and sales list Year The completed residential area of the whole society [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house sales area [ten thousand square meters] Town completed housing area [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house Residence Residence 2000 180634.32 50498.25 18637.13 16570.28 80507.92 54859.85 2001 182767.05 61582.99 22411.90 19938.75 85278.88 57476.46 2002 193730.96 73208.65 26808.29 23702.31 93018.27 59793.64 2003 205286.68 91390.49 33717.63 29778.85 93114.71 54971.52 2004 217580.48 108196.54 38231.64 33819.89 101033.76 56897.34 2005 239769.60 129078.38 55486.22 49587.83 118125.81 66141.93 2006 265565.31 151742.72 61857.07 55422.95 120705.26 63046.91 2007 315629.80 186788.43 77354.72 70135.88 134247.50 68820.78 2008 364354.38 222891.80 65969.83 59280.35 147066.41 75969.06 2009 93713.00 85294.00 83565.96* 2010 104349.00 93052.00 91922.56* total 650094.78 581957.85 954441.54 Notes: Because of some data
Conclusions The reduction of vacant housing is more important than the development of green building.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Hai Hong Cui
Lubricant can contribute to reduction of overall noise and vibration generated by machines, both by reducing generation of acoustic energy in lubricated contacts and by modulating the transmission of vibration through the lubricant.
This section will outline some of these mechanisms and suggest how lubricant optimization can contribute to reduction of noise generation at source.
Noise reduction in refrigeration compressor lubricants Foam generation and vapor entrainment depend partially on bulk lubricant properties such as viscosity, but are more sensitive to interfacial properties such as dynamic surface tension, Gibbs elasticity and interfacial shear and dilational viscosities[3] Refrigeration lubricant formulations for improved noise and vibration performance must maintain stable, controllable levels of foam and vapor entrainment in order to deliver improved acoustic performance without compromising reliability and efficiency.
Figure 2 shows vibration velocity data recorded on the base of the compressor shell, for two different lubricant base-fluid types having different inherent foaming performance, formulated with different concentrations of the same acoustically active additive.
In the case of domestic appliance refrigeration compressors, use of acoustically optimized lubricant formulations, designed to deliver controllable levels of foaming and vapor entrainment, can significantly reduce compressor shell vibration amplitude translates into reduction in radiated sound power intensity.
Online since: September 2019
Authors: Jong Ryeol Kim, Meruyert Sovetova, Shazim Ali Memon
According to the simulation results, for both cities PCM 32 was found to be the most effective with energy consumption reduction around 19%.
The effect of thickness and surface area on energy reduction would also be examined.
In this research, the model was validated by using the data of Canberra city [4] and percentage error in average temperature fluctuation reduction was less than 5%.
The energy reduction factors (ECR) was calculated by using Eq. 1
Yang, Energy performance of building envelopes integrated with phase change materials for cooling load reduction in tropical Singapore, Applied Energy 162 (2016) 207-217.
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Shi Hong Lu, Xia Jin
The comparison results of FEA result and experiment data indicate that the FEM (finite element analysis method) simulation is a power tool for the highly accurate prediction of springback behavior in sheet metal bending.
Critchley and Blount [8] also studied springback reduction in the draw-bending process.
Experiment data have been analyzed with the calculation program developed by our own.
Meanwhile, experiment data of every bending angle have been processed with polynomial expression fitting.
As exhibited in Fig.3, FEA and experiment data are consistent.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Musli Mohammad, Mohd Shahir Yahya, Noor Yasmin Zainun, Thiyagu Palaniandy
Literature Review Anthropometric data are used to ensure that products are produced to fit and suit as many people as possible.
Antropometrics Data Measurement The results from the measurements of anthropometry are listed in Table 1.
These data were measured and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS Version 16) for data analysis of the reliability studies.
In general, most of the female‘s anthropometrics data shows the higher value compared to the male‘s anthropometrics data except for hip breadth and weight.
Conclusion In conclusion, the anthropometrics data of the primary school children has been developed.
Online since: May 2007
Authors: Shalesh J. Patel, S.K. Mannan
To generate this data, the specimens were heated by a high-density electrical current and pulled in tension to fracture at a strain rate of approximately 50 mm/sec in a Gleeble machine.
Based on the final microstructure requirements, the Gleeble data and the grain coarsening plot can be used to design an optimum thermo-mechanical processing schedule.
The data is generated on annealed plus aged material.
The data shows that alloy 783 exhibits crack growth behavior similar to alloy 718 and provides at least an order of magnitude reduction in crack growth rates over that of alloy 909.
The data reinforces the metallographic observations that salt spray resistance of alloy 783 is significantly better than alloy 909 and it is comparable to alloy 718 [6].
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yang Yao, Qi Qiao, Wei Nan Bai, Yang Xu, Qi Hong Sun, Yu Yan Song
Analysis and results The data of GDP, TEC and TWU from TEDA’s annual Development Bulletin during 2003-2011, was analyzed for research of material consumption decoupling, while the data of GDP, COD and SO2 emissions was chosen for the pollutants study.
(remarks: all the data of pollutant emissions was from reported files of eco-industrial construction to Environmental Protection Department) Fig.2.
Liability statements of SO2 reduction target owed the assignment to key polluting enterprises.
Conclusions This paper studied the decoupling relationships between GDP and indicators of environmental pressure including energy consumption, water usage, COD and SO2 emissions based on TEDA’s data of development during the period of 2003-2011 and 2006-2010.
Gap of Emission Reduction Targets: Analysis Based on Elastic Decoupling of China [J].
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Yi Dan Sun, Zi Heng He
(All data are taken from the China Statistical Yearbook from 1995 to 2012.)
Data Reduction.In order to analyze these factors using principal component analysis, we need to do data reduction to replace seven factors as less important factors.
After data reduction, we get two principal components, the first principal component contribution ratereaches94.356% and the second principal component contribution ratereaches 99.166%.
(5) Afterwards, regarding every sixth year as a stage and dividing these 18 years into three stages, we then calculate the scores of two principal components (the value of every variable x in the formulas is the average of the data of each factor in each stage).
Comparing these data, we can see that the values of are all larger thanin three stages.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Xiao Nan Qin, Feng Ping Shan, Chun You Wu, Xiao Li Lu
The risk analysis of ecological environment healthy is limited by multi-factors, high dimensional data, small samples and incomplete information.
Step1:Data preprocessing: It selects the n groups of index elements, each of which have m dimensions.
The data of and are normalized in order to calculate the dimensionless value of each element.
(1) (2) Step 3: the risk grade value of the risk threshold: This paper analyzes the map relationship between the one-dimensional projection value of the risk threshold and the risk grade via the data fitting between the two matrixes and .according the research of the data fitting, it builds the function of risk grade value of the risk threshold: .And then, the one-dimensional projection value of the actual data is substituted in to the function armed to calculate the risk grade value of the actual data of each study object .
A projection pursuit algorithm for exploratory data analysis.
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