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Sustainable Biochar Production from Palm Kernel Shell Through Slow Pyrolysis: A Life Cycle Assessment of its Application as an Eco-Friendly Fertilizer Andini Fikarda1,a, Muhamad Rhadia Rahman1,b, Yazid Bindar2,3,c, Laksmi Dewi Kasmiarno1,c* 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia 2Biomass Technology Workshop, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia 3Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia aandinifikarda18@gmail.com, brhadiarahman@gmail.com, cybybyb@itb.ac.id, d*laksmi.dewi@universitaspertamina.ac.id Keywords: Biochar, Palm Kernell Shell, slow pyrolysis, greenhouse gases, LCA.
Initially, the raw materials of the PKS were washed from impurities and dried under the sun’s light radiation for 1 to 2 days followed by chopping into pieces approximately ± 2 mm in diameter.
The emission calculation for CPO production focuses on three key stages including the cultivation of oil palm trees, the milling process, and the production of CPO.
The consumption of materials and energy in this whole process can impact the environment due to the emission of GHGs.
Meanwhile, the variable cost value includes the capital cost for raw materials (including commercial fertilizers), the wage for manpower, electricity and fuel costs from the CPO and biochar production process.

Impact of Industry 4.0 on Sustainability Muhammad Danish Saleem1,a*, Muhammad Wasif1,b and Anis Fatima2,c 1Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi, Pakistan 2Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States amdanishsaleem@neduet.edu.pk, bmwasif80@gmail.com, caneezfatima@gmail.com Keywords: Industry 4.0, Sustainability, Sustainable development Abstract.
This integration results in measurable economic, environmental, and social benefits, aligning with the core principles of the circular economy—namely, reducing waste, maximizing resource efficiency, and promoting the reuse and recycling of materials throughout the product lifecycle.
A key concern lies in the increased energy demand associated with widespread digitization, data processing, and the operation of interconnected smart systems.
Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 2016. 14(2): p. 131
[24] Erdogan, M., et al., Selecting the best strategy for Industry 4.0 applications with a case study, in Industrial engineering in the Industry 4.0 era. 2018, Springer. p. 109-119

3D Measurement of Anatomic Parameters and Development of a Digital Design to Improve the Outcome of Lower-Extremity Surgery Huanwen-Ding 1, Qiang Tu 2, Hong Wang 2, Huiliang liu 2, Jianjian Shen 2, Li Ren 1, Yingjun Wang1 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, china, 510010 2Department of overseas Chinese, general hospital of Guangzhou Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510010 adhuanwen123@yahoo.com.cn btuqiang@126.com c624229254@qq.com dliuhuiliang123@163.com e359986040@qq.com frenli123@163.com gwangyingjun123@163.com Keywords: Computer-aided design, genu varum, genu valgum, osteotomy Abstract.
Materials and methods The first step in designing the 3D correction surgery model was selecting 10 healthy adults with normal lower-extremity morphology.
A comparison of surgical outcomes Measurement indicators Traditional correction Computer-aided correction P values α＝│postoperative femoral angle -81°│ 6.2±5.3° 2.1±2.4° P<0.05* β＝│postoperative tibiofemoral angle -175°│ 5.0±4.1° 2.1±2.8° P<0.05* HSS score 75.3±11.8° 80.8±9.6° P>0.05 Key: *=Statistically significant.
In the medical field, CAD/CAM is a relatively new technique and mainly used for computer-aided navigation during surgery.8, 9 In our practice, we have applied the medical CAD/CAM technique since 2003, 10 combined modern medical imaging techniques, image processing, reverse engineering and CAD/CAM techniques to establish our own computer-aided correction surgery.
Advanced Materials Research. 2012; 472-475: 1985-1988

Mikhaylovskaya1 1Department of Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninsky Prospekt, 4, Moscow 119049, Russia; 2Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Shoubra St. 108, Shoubra, 11629, Cairo, Egypt.
Complex shapes in industrial applications with large deformations, nonlinear materials and contacts can be treated effectively and quickly [34,45,46].
The microstructure evolution at superplastic forming is very important to success the forming operation and final geometry especially in the materials with non-uniform initial structure.
Materials and Experimental Test A conventionally processed sheets of Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V titanium alloy with 1.22 mm of thickness were studied.
The as-processed (initial) microstructure of the investigated materials and the microstructure after the superplastic forming process were analysed.

Remote Monitoring System Design of Distribution Transformer Operating Status Based on GSM Yang Yongming1,a, Duan Xu1,b, Liu Xiliang1,c 1State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030 ayangyym@cqu.edu.cn, bdx_196710@sina.com, cduanxu@cqu.edu.cn Keywords: distribution transformer, remote monitoring, GSM Abstract: In this paper, a remote Distribution Transformer (DT) monitoring system is presented and developed to solve the problems of existing remote monitoring system wiring too much, too complicated, fault diagnosing and maintaining difficulty.
More importantly, since GSM network is a completed network that has been built up by mobile server, wire materials and labor costs that are worth billions of money can be saved by using this existed network to realize wireless remote monitoring system, which serves the purpose of environment protection, energy saving and largest resource sharing, and doesn't require daily network maintenance, which maximizes the investment.
[2] McGranaghan Mark: Trends in Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Power Engineering Review, Vol. 12 (2001), p. 1-3

.), Lingaya’s Institute of Management and Technology,Faridabad,Haryana Sudeepvats90@gmail.com Key words: safety-inspection-IPIGS-detection-cracks-multiple technology IPIGS Abstract—More than 3 million kilometers of high pressure liquid and gas pipelines are installed all over the world.Usually steel is the safest means to transport large quantities of oil and oil related products and natural gas however, just like any other technical component, pipelines also deteriorate with time, result of which, flaws appear and they grows until the pipeline fails.
As the acoustic wave penetrates the pipe wall, the wave is attenuated and/or reflected by any changes in the density of the material.
By observing the returned signal many of the characteristics of the material can be determined.[9] Ø Leak detection techniques Leak detection techniques determine existing leaks in the pipe and cannot be used to predict possible problems[9].
Intelligent pigs are available with many international service provider companies like Tuboscope Pipeline Services, Vetco Pipeline Services Inc., Pipetronix Gmbh, Trapil, H Rosin Engineering Gmbh, and British Gas (PII) etc.[9] · GEL PIGS Gel pigs are a series of gelled liquid systems which have been developed for use in pipeline operations, either during initial commissioning, or as a part of a continuing maintenance program.[6] Most pipeline gels are water-based, but a range of chemicals, solvents, and even acids can be gelled.

Influence of Power Supply Frequency on Microstructure and Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Coating on Aluminum Alloy XIN ShiGang a, LE Jun b, SONG LiXin c The key library of Inorganic coatings, Shanghai Institute of Ceramic, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China a sgxin@mail.sic.ac.cn, b lejun@mail.sic.ac.cn, c lxsong@sunm.shcnc.ac.cn Keywords: Micro-arc oxidation; Frequency; Coating; Aluminum alloy Abstract.
Ali, Formation of ceramic alumina nanocomposite coatings on aluminium for enhanced corrosion resistance, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209 (2009) 5341
Dowey, Plasma Electrolysis for Surface Engineering.

Numerical Analysis of Semi-solid Die-casting Automobile Part Based on the Thermo-visco-plastic Constitutive Relation Jiaojiao Wang1, a, Guimin Lu1, b and Jianguo Yu2, c 1The Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237,Shanghai, China 2School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China awjjfirst@sina.com, bgmlu@ecust.edu.cn, cjgyu@ecust.edu.cn Correspondence author: Guimin Lu, Tel: +86-21-64252065, Fax: +86-21 64252501, gmlu@ecust.edu.cn Keywords: Semi-solid; Apparent viscosity; Shear rate; Numerical simulation Abstract.
However, such modeling is difficult because the semi-solid behavior is thixotropic and depends on the liquid–solid spatial distribution within the material.
A one phase thermomechanical model for the numerical simulation of semi-solid material behavior.

Experimental Materials In this paper, A saturated solution of 50 nm ZnO powder (pure 99%, 5g) in 99.5% ethanol (95g) were also prepared, solutions were spin coated on the single crystal Si (100) substrates of 10mm × 10mm and placed on 80℃ heater to dry.
The induced high electric field at the antenna tip is the key to guide plasma to a designated target in a short period of time, as shown in Fig. 2.
Sci. and Engineering A 559 (2013) 462-466

Using robust parameter design optimize technology parameter of solder joints Robust parameter design is very valuable statistic method of engineering practice problem.
Confirm affect factor and establish factor level form Table 1 Actor level Table 2 Actor parameter level level factor 1 2 3 Level factor 1 2 3 A scraper speed A0 0.9A0 1.1A0 A scraper speed 30 27 33 B scraper pressure B0 0.9B0 1.1B0 B scraper pressure 50 45 55 C ejection speed C0 0.84C0 1.16C0 C ejection speed 0.6 0.5 0.7 D heating rate D0 0.9D0 1.1D0 D heating rate 3 2.7 3.3 E warm-up time E0 0.9E0 1.1E0 E warm-up time 80 72 88 F peak temperature F0 0.96F0 1.04F0 F peak temperature 235 225 245 G reflow time G0 0.9G0 1.1G0 G reflow time 40 36 44 Fig .1 Standard lead-free reflow solder temperature According to the above analysis, affecting key technology parameter of solder joints quality are as follows: scraper speed , scraper pressure , ejection speed , heating rate , warm-up time , peak temperature and reflow time , for error factor , according to controlled accuracy , in addition to peak temperature selected ± 4%, ejection speed
Fig.4 Thrust process capability of before parameter optimize Fig.5 Thrust process capability of after parameter optimize Conclusions Robust parameter design method of DOE is used and technology parameter optimized of solder joints of new type NiPdAu plating has been discovered ,according to optimize results , improving technology parameter of solder joints and Ni Pd Au PCB is triumphantly used into SMT technology ,not only increasing reliability of products ,but also reducing cost of raw and processed materials , obtaining well economy benefit .