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The presence of a pure SnO2 tetragonal crystal structure (JCPDS Card No: 41-1445) has been confirmed from matching of observed and standard d (inter planer spacing) values.
This result can be explained by the substitution of Co2+ into Sn4+ sites, since the radius of Co ions Co2+ (0.58 Å) was smaller than that of Sn4+ (0.69 Å) at a coordination number (CN) of 6 [13].
The lattice parameters a = 4.74 Å and c = 3.19 Å are in good agreement with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) 41-1445 database.
(6) Where M is the number of oscillations between the two extrema (M =1 between the two consecutive maxima or minima), λ1, n1 and λ2, n2 are the corresponding wavelengths and indices of refraction.

Number of cells was 2.0 × 104 cells/well.
Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of CdHgTe QDs and QD@DMF samples together with JCPDS standard card of 32-0665(HgTe) and 13-0088 (Fe3.6Fe0.9(O,OH,Cl)9).
The numbers of colored cells and the red fluorescence intensity increased significantly with the number of magnets installed in the bottom of the cell cultures.
National invention patent, 2009, application number: 200910117372.1.
Publication Number: CN 101607088B

Introduction During the last years, titanium dioxide TiO2 had been the subject of an increasing number of studies due to its interesting properties such as: chemical stability, non toxicity [1], low cost and biocompatibility [2].
Furthermore, the obtained results revealed that the band gap of the prepared TiO2 films could be tuned by just varying the number of coatings.
However, for the film annealed at 400 °C, a small peak appears at 2θ=25.2° which was identified as the (101) plane of the TiO2 Anatase phase (JCPDS card no. 21-1272).
For 300 °C, a very low number of grains are present while a dense granular morphology is seen for 500 °C.
The thickness of the layers increased with the number of coatings and varied from 55 nm (one coating) to 292 nm (four coatings).

Failure to treat diabetes effectively, will largely result into a number of other health complications, such as eye problems (blindness), neuropathy, foot complications, kidney disease, heart diseases, hypertension, stroke, hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome, gastroparesis, heart disease, and mental health disorders; death and disability in the entire globe, it may also affect pregnancy [1, 2].
The data obtained was matched with JCPDS card no. (65-2871) and the sharpness of the peak clearly reveals the crystalline nature of the particles.
XRD patterns (JCPDS, File No. 04–0783) and the structure of synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to be face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal as reported by [39].

For a number of years, nanomaterials have been considered as a perfect solution to maintain the stability of different cultural heritage materials.
For enough years, a large number of nanomaterials has been applied to build up a desirable durability for carbonate monuments and a self-protection against weathering factors.
Fig. 2 (A) EDX spectrum recorded on the plaster sample; (B) XRD pattern obtained on the sample Table 1 SEM-EDS chemical analysis of the archaeological plasters Na2O MgO A12O3 SiO2 K2O CaO TiO2 Fe2O3 2.66 1.44 12.42 25.50 0.76 53.01 1.07 1.90 2.23 2.33 10.77 30.94 1.26 47.62 1.55 2.57 2.19 1.09 10.04 26.02 0.89 55.88 1.62 2.24 1.99 1.76 10.67 22.65 1.21 57.43 0.98 2.31 2.05 2.11 11.54 25.43 1.77 53.86 1.22 1.98 Characterization of the synthesized HAp-NPs X-ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles showed familiar diffraction pattern and peaks orientation of hydroxyapatite (basically of JCPDS card no. 09-0432) (Fig. 3, up).

The increase in the number of industries in Indonesia has led to high environmental pollution due to the direct disposal of hazardous industrial waste, such as ferrous metal (Fe), into the environment, thereby reducing soil fertility and disturbing the ecological balance [16,17].
Method A B C Reference Co-precipitation 10.3280 6.0060 4.7080 [31] Co-precipitation 10.3200 6.0100 4.6900 [76] Co-precipitation 10.3440 6.0240 4.7040 [70] Co-precipitation 10.3339 6.0091 4.6948 [69] Hydrothermal 10.2950 5.9600 4.6850 [111] Hydrothermal 10.3320 6.0040 4.6910 [112] Hydrothermal 10.3340 6.0170 4.7090 [2] Hydrothermal 10.3243 6.0062 4.6926 [113] Hydrothermal 10.3152 5.9954 4.6818 [114] Sol-gel 10.3280 6.0080 4.6910 [100] Sol-gel 10.3289 6.0074 4.6940 [115] Sol-gel 10.3360 6.0120 4.6880 [101] Sol-gel 10.3264 6.0053 4.6921 [116] Sol-gel 10.3043 5.9438 4.6857 [105] - 10.3300 6.0100 4.6920 JCPDS card 81-1173 Table 12 shows that the three methods' lattice parameter value is close to the JCPDS card 81-1173.

The higher wave number (Ѵ1) corresponds to the intrinsic stretching vibration of the metal at tetrahedral site TdMtetra↔O (A-site), whereas the lower wave number (Ѵ2) is assigned to octahedral metal stretching OhMocta↔O (B-site).
All the diffraction peaks indexed in a single cubic lattice and the position along with relative intensity of peaks match well with the standard JCPDS card No. 00-001-1121.
The X-ray density (ρx) for all the prepared samples was calculated using the given equation [20]: ρx=ZMNa3 (2) where, Z represents the number of molecules in a unit cell of spinel lattice and in this case Z is 8, M represents the molecular weight of the sample, N is Avogadro number and ‘a’ is the lattice parameter.
Drift mobility (μd) of the samples was calculated using the following relation [25]: μd = 1/ηeρ (9) where ‘e’ is the charge on electron, ρ is the resistivity at a particular temperature and η is the concentration of charge carriers that can be calculated from the relation [18]: η = (NAρbPFe)/M (10) where NA is the Avogadro’s number, ρb is the bulk density of the ferrite samples and PFe is the number of iron atoms in the formula of the oxide.

The number of mole of Ga2O3 that decompose per time is equal to the number of H2 atoms (H2 concentration) in the reactor.
Because carrier gas was excluded in the recipe, greater number of the gaseous species moved to the downstream being assisted by the reducing gas partial pressure, but a small fraction of it moved to the upstream due to temperature gradient and high pressure in this region.
X-ray diffraction pattern of the prepared β-Ga2O3 NSs show three distinct reflections at (401), (111) and (310) which are indexed to a single phase monoclinic Ga2O3 according to JCPDS card no. 041-1103 as shown in Fig. 1(a).
According to Chao et al [26]. the highest intensity recorded on the sample could be traced to reduction in the number of atoms and electron density in the unit cells.
This value undergo constriction from 0.755 to 0.547 and 0.507 when the flow rate increased from 100 to 300 sccm, signifying a decline in the number of crystals oriented in the crystallographic (111) direction on the various samples as shown in Fig.1(b).

The experimental XRD pattern agrees with the JCPDS card no. 21-1272 (anatase TiO2).
The diffraction peaks located at 31.84°, 34.52°, 36.33°, and 47.63° have been keenly indexed as hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO with lattice constants with lattice constants 𝑎=𝑏=0.324 nm and 𝑐=0.521 nm (JPCDS card number: 36-1451) [43,44].
Furthermore, numbers above 6 reveal a substantial difference from the naked eye [49].

This is in excellent agreement with the JCPDS card (No: 89-4921) corresponding to anatase TiO2.
The probable reason is that, a large number of small organic molecules are produced by photodegradation with the increase of the irradiation time and these small organic molecules adsorb on the surface of TiO2, resulting in the decreased formation of OH• radicals that attack the dyes, and therefore increase in illumination time does not lead to greater photodegradation efficiency of RR-141 and RY-105 solutions.
The increase in the amount of catalyst increases the number of active sites on TiO2 surface that in turn increases the number of OH• and O2− • radicals [26, 27].
Aggregation of TiO2 particles at high concentrations also causes decrease in the number of surface active sites.