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Acknowledgments Authors acknowledge Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences VEGA No. 1/0690/13.
ACI journal. 2008, Vol.
Kozák, Reinforcement corrosion versus crack width, in: 11th International Conference Binders and Materials 2013, ICBM 2013; Brno; Czech Republic.

Sun2,d and D.B.Wei1,e 1School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia 2Research Institute, Baoshan Iron and Steel Company Limited, Shanghai 201900, China aaz483@uow.edu.au, bshjiao@baosteel.com, cjiang@uow.edu.au, dsunqs@baosteel.com edwei@uow.edu.au Keywords: Firing process; Enamel; Microstructure; Mechanical propertie Abstract.
Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings 15(3) (1994): 109-123
Journal of Iron and Steel Research 19(4) (2007): 47-50

The developmental trends of the assessment on substructure are, 1) the uncertainty evaluation methods, such as uncertain analytical hierarchy process method and fuzzy comprehensive assessment theory, will be the core of new assessing systems; 2) researching on the method, equipment and instruments of testing and inspection that can be scientifically and efficiently inspect the underwater or underground indices, and establishing uniform evaluation indices and assessment criteria based on engineering data, engineering experiences and experts’ knowledge; 3) establishing aging models of materials on the basis of influence factors and defect mechanisms are deeply studied; 4) instituting bridge assessment code with uniform evaluating indices, flexible evaluating frame and solid foundation of theoretic, to instruct the technical assessment on structure of the existing mid-small span bridge.
Xia: Safety Evaluation for Foundations of Existing Railway Bridges (Science Press, Shanghai 2004). ( In Chinese ) [2] Y.Z.
Zhang, S.R.Zhang: China Journal of Highway and Transport Vol. 9 (1996), pp. 62-67. ( In Chinese ) [8] A.B.

In addition, these unique properties have made them useful in a wide range of applications and technological advancements such as power, composite materials, electronic devices and support in catalysis with useful outcomes [12-15].
Materials and Methods CNT Production The CNTs were produced by the decomposition of acetylene in a horizontal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor over a bimetallic Fe-Co catalyst supported on CaCO3 [22, 23].
Chou, Advances in science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review, Compos.
Cui, Microstructure evolution of 20CrMnTi steel during vacuum carburizing and quenching process, Materials Research Express, 7(1) (2020) 016533
Gantois, Carbon diffusion and phase transformations during gas carburizing of high-alloyed stainless steels: Experimental study and theoretical modeling, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47 (4) (2016) 1725-1738, 2016

The thermal conductivity of cementations materials was also used as an NDT method for fired concrete.
Especially when different concretes and constituent materials are involved in this testing.
Abed, J. de Brito, Evaluation of high-performance self-compacting concrete using alternative materials and exposed to elevated temperatures by non-destructive testing, J.
Abdullah, Destructive and Non Destructive Strength Evaluation of Concrete Exposed to Fire, Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, Part-A-(Pure and Applied Sciences). 19 (2017) 43-55
Standard test method for rebound number of hardened concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials West Conshohocken, USA, 2013

In this context, sustainable bone substitute composite materials have been studied using environmentally friendly waste and renewable materials to produce a valuable biocomposite material.
European Polymer Journal, 148, (2021), 110360
Materials Today Chemistry, 39, (2024), 102175
Materials, 16(19), (2023), 6506
Biomedical Materials, 19(6), (2024), 065021

The iron and steel enterprises at home and abroad mainly adopt water quenching method to handle, such as OCP and INBA, and the product is mainly as the raw materials of cement[1-4].
However, all the raw material is blast furnace slag which has been cooled and frozen.
New Building Material Vol. 54-55(2003).
Shen Yang: Northeastern University of materials and Metallurgy,NY (2004), in press.
Journal of Anhui University of Technology Vol. 1, 6-10(2013).

Since 1970, the conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with proteins and the synthesis of temperature-sensitive smart materials has delivered new solutions in this area [12-16].
Materials and Methods Methyl ether of polyethylene glycol (mPEG) Mn = 2000, L-alanine (Ala), L-Aspartic acid α-benzyl ester (BAsp), triphosgene (TFG), trifluoroacetic acid-d (TFA-d), phosphate-buffered saline with a pH of 7.2 (PBS), elastase from porcine pancreas (lyophilized powder, suitable for cell culture) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 39, 77, (2018)
Bromberg, J.Phys., Novel family of thermogelling materials via C–C bonding between poly(acrylic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), Chem.,102, 1956, (1998)
Matyjaszewski, ATRP in the design of functional materials for biomedical applications, Prog Polym Sci, 37, 18, (2012)

Experimental Procedures Materials.
Šulc, Properties of Materials from activated fly ash from fluidized burning, in: 11th International Conference Special Concrete and Composites 2014, Skalský Dvůr, 2014, pp. 173 – 177
Váchal et al., "Chemical Properties and Reactivity of CFBC Fly Ash", Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 722, pp. 132-139, 2016 [7] J.
Williams, A. van Riessen, Effect of mechanical activation of fly ash on the properties of geopolymer cured at ambient temperature, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 209, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 5276-5280, ISSN 0924-0136 [8] A.A.
Zaldívar-Cadena et al., "Effect of Milling Time on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Incorporated Cement Mortars", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 787, pp. 286-290, 2013 [9] K.

Ismail1,e 1Al-Azhar Lab for Solar Cell Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyut 71121, Egypt 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aYasser_ami@yahoo.com, besam_ramadan2008@yahoo.com, cdrahmedalihassan@gmail.com, dsayedomr15@yahoo.com, eabdelrahmanaziz9899@gmail.com Keywords: Inverted organic solar cells; Silver back-electrode; Manual spray deposition.
All the last efforts for improving wettability of PEDOT:PSS solution may impose a negative effect on IOSC performance through adding chemical additives or use of UV-ozone which may change the chemistry of the PEDOT:PSS material or may damage the surface of active layer, respectively.
Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by Science & Technology Development Fund (STDF), Ministry of State for Scientific Research, Egypt through the Capacity Building grant [grant number 4959].
Ramesh, Solution Processed Inverted Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Under Ambient Air-Atmosphere, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 28 (2018) 1029-1036
Sahdan, Influence of Spinning Speed on the Properties of Sol-Gel Spin Coated ZnO Films, Advanced Materials Research 970 (2014) 115-119