Papers by Keyword: PVD

Abstract: Fabrication of Disperse Orange 3 thin film for photonics technology application has been carried out by using PVD method. The molecular structure of this film have been investigated by using FTIR and also by IRRAS methods. The optical properties have been investigated by UV-VIS measurement. In this paper the effect of molecular orientation and the molecular stcking/arrangement within the thin film were discussed.

Abstract: In order to meet the expectations of the global industry in areas such as: energy, heating, aviation, automotive, railway, chemical, petrochemical, oil, gas, river and marine sectors, where material wear processes may occur due to the flow of water gas and steam or their mixtures with various degree of saturation at different pressures, the authors of this article have conducted research on the resistance to cavitation wear of a low-friction composite anti-wear PVD coating in the form of chromium nitride and tungsten carbide (CrN+WC/C) deposited by a physical method on the surface of structural elements in the form of cavitation generators operating in extreme conditions of cavitation wear. Structural elements were examined made of steel with the ferritic-perlitic structure of the P265GH grade and with the austenitic chromium-nickel structure of the X2CrNi18-9 (304L) grade with a protective composite low-friction coating applied onto their surfaces by the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique, intended for operation in the cavitation wear environment. In order to obtain the results, the investigations of mass loss and roughness profile changes were conducted and the analysis of structural-metallographic morphology changes on the surfaces of structural elements was performed using a scanning electron microscope at voltages accelerating from 5 to 20kV using secondary electrons detection. The results of cavitation wear on the surface of structural elements were obtained using a digital microscope operating in 4K technology with a progressive scanning system.

Abstract: The paper contains the results of surface modification on the properties of the pure titanium Grade II, obtained by the SLM procedure. In the paper, the analysis of the results of physicochemical properties, such as pitting corrosion test and contact angle measurements and Surface Free Energy calculated were performed. Additionally, the microscopic observation with microchemical analysis, surface topography analysis using Atomic Force Microscopy, surface roughness measurements and wear test were performed too. The studies were carried out on three groups of samples in an initial state (1) (after mechanical treatment - mechanical grinding and polishing) and after surface modification by PVD method using CrN layer (2) and TiN layer (3). Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the samples with TiN layer were characterized by the optimum properties.

Abstract: The nitriding process is a well-known technology for increasing of wear resistance of steel. The conventional gas nitriding process of stainless steel is difficult in the case of surface passivation and formation of Cr₂O₃. The using of plasma enables to form hard surface area during the nitriding process. The plasma nitriding process was developed using Ionit Metaplas device. The kinetic growth was analysed in 2, 4, 6 and 8 h processes. The plasma gasses composition was selected for formation only diffusion layer without “white area” of nitrides. The microstructure, chemical and phase composition were analysed. As a result, the diffusion layer was formed. The iron nitrides formed the precipitations in the diffusion layer. The obtained results showed that 4h process enables to form nitride layer with required composition and hardness. The relationship between process time and nitride layer thickness and its hardness was observed.

Abstract: Synthesize of Boron Nitride nanowires were made by utilizing Austenitic hardened steel AISI 316 with a nitriding layer of 15–16 μm thickness. Deposition experiments at deferent substrate temperatures for BN Nanowires productions were carried out with the help of a blended gas stage depositing handle procedure (PVD and CVD). Chemical composition and crystallinity along with the average grain size for BN phases was investigated by using XRD test and FTIR spectrum. The SEM images was used to examine the surface topography. Finally theoretical investigations computations were performed by thickness useful hypothesis (DFT) in Gaussian 09 bundle. According to our results, the impact of the depositing temperature on the chemical composition and the structure should be pointed out as the major effect for the higher deposition rate that leads to thicker and more dense BN surface film, where the more uniform BN Nanostructures wires with a regular diameter of 20 nm and average grain size of ~18nm was compelled through novel materializing crystalline stages causing grain size to rise with increasing deposition temperature to specific level.

Abstract: Understanding the microstructure evolution of metal thin films on various substrates is essential for developing thin films that need specific requirements. The microstructure of thin films has been identified to be related to the mobility of the adatoms during growth. Recently, the theory of non-classical crystallisation of thin films has been introduced to explain the structure formation in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. Much work has been conducted on CVD deposited thin films, while little data appears on PVD techniques. The effect of substrate material on the microstructure of the deposited nickel-titanium (NiTi) thin film and its optical absorbance is studied in this work. Three different substrates with identified surface conditions were used to deposit thin films of NiTi in the same chamber under the same processing conditions. The NiTi thin film was deposited using radio frequency (RF) PVD sputtering process on stainless steel (SS), aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) substrates. The results were analysed in view of state of art structure models and mechanisms. The microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical absorbance was measured by spectrophotometery. The results have shown that the structure and morphology of the grown films have varied in all conditions. Amorphous structures were obtained for Al and Cu substrates, while crystalline structures were obtained for the stainless-steel substrate at the same sputtering conditions.

Abstract: Nitrogen ions with an energy of 200keV were used for the investigation of the interlayer effects of nitrogen implantation in the TiN/N₂-film synthesis on the NAK80 steel. The nitrogen ion plasmas formed a broad ion mixing area at the interface between TiN film and NAK80 substrate. The measured hardness indicates the well mixing of TiN film into the NAK80 substrate, which may have an effect on increasing the adhesion of the deposited film. The chemical components and micro-hardness of the filmed surface were measured. The micro-hardness of Rockwell C-scale (HRC) was increased from 40 to 61 after the films of TiN/N₂ were synthesized on the NAK80 substrate, the increased micro-hardness is attributed to the metallurgical phase change and formation of amorphous crystal due to the nitrogen implantation.

Abstract: Ti alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications.The generated wear debris due to its low wear resistance lead to inflammations and reduce the lifetime of the implant. So, the coating has been used to improve corrosion and wear resistance. In the present work, we report the assessments of TiN coating deposited by CA-PVD on Ti6Al4V alloy for dental applications. The deposited coating was characterized by XRD and SEM. Mechanical properties were assessed using micorindentation. The in vitro corrosion properties was investigated using PDP and EIS in artificial saliva. The wear rate was characterized using the linear reciprocating tribometer. The results showed that a TiN layer with 1.8 µm thickness was deposited with a hardness of 24.9±8.123 GPa and a Modulus of elasticity of 244.7±14.8 GPa. The corrosion study revealed enhancement in the corrosion performance of the coated sample in artificial saliva. The wear rate of the coated samples was also enhanced for the coated sample. The improved surface hardness, corrosion and wear characteristics of the TiN coating suggests that TiN coating would be a potential candidate for dental applications.

Abstract: The article presents the results of research on tribological properties and corrosion resistance of hybrid and individual coatings embedded with the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) and PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) technique on aluminum alloy substrates. Al-Si-Cu alloys coated with hybrid ALD+PVD coatings show significantly higher abrasion resistance compared to uncoated samples. In particular, the TiO₂+WC hybrid coating has the highest abrasion resistance. The highest resistance to corrosion is demonstrated by the sample with the TiO₂ type ALD coating. As a result of coating, the surface roughness of the tested samples increases, which is related to the occurrence of morphological heterogeneity in the form of solidified drops.The innovative approach of combining several technologies, while simultaneously selecting proper materials and parameters can significantly affect the future and functionality of products obtained. The technique of combining the hybrid coating technology still requires a lot of researches, the results of which can change the meaning and use of new innovative products. Keyword: PVD, ALD, hybrid coatings, TEM, corrosion resistance,

Abstract: The aim of this work was an attempt to verify two concepts of cathode modules, and the qualification of structure analysis of nitride coatings with the addition of silicon. The analysis covered one of the most commonly used in industrial conditions AlCrSiN coatings manufactured by the planar ARC and rotating (LARC^®) technology, which have recently gained more and more recognition in the production of coatings by physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique. Their microstructure was examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Their mechanical and tribological properties were compared in terms of their application in the field of surface engineering. Tribological tests were performed in sliding friction conditions using the ball-on-disc method, where a ceramic Al₂O₃ ball was used as the counterpart. Presented research results allow to determine the relationship between the structure, wear resistance, and the specific module responsible for the number, type and position of cathodes used in the constitution of the tested coatings. This study complements and contributes to the knowledge on the direct influence of the chemical composition of the coating and the method of its production on the quality and structure of the coated element for wear-resistant coatings produced by PVD in the arc evaporation method (AE).