Advanced Engineering Forum Vol. 10

Abstract: Changing system from conventional to self-service system brings many advantages for a better service. In other hand, this transition force people to adapt with the new system. This research aimed to identify usability of self-service system in library, particularly in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on loans process. The methods of this research consist of user tasking, questionnaires, and open ended interviews. Usability testing conducted based on usability attributes including effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. After obtaining the test result from the data, the statistical tests related data attributes are analyzed using independent t-test. The results of this study showed a significant difference between the initial conditions and the improved condition. The improved loans procedures give better result than the existing one.

Abstract: School furniture was known to be among main contributor of students back pain and bad postures. However, most studies focused only on the furniture in classroom compared to other facilities in school. Therefore, this study took the initiative to assess students working postures in school workshop. The objective of this study was to evaluate postural stress of students using RULA method in CATIA. Actual working process was recorded and tasks performed were translated into human model for ergonomic analysis. This evaluation was done in CAD environment via Human Activity Analysis. Result showed the male students have a higher average RULA score compared to the female students. This study discovered that the current workstation was unsuitable for both genders. Both genders have an average scores of more than 5, which indicated changes are required soon. This paper also presented a recommended design of a workstation to reduce musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptom and contribute to total back pain prevention for growing adolescents.

Abstract: The economic developments and industrial progressions, the automatic operations were getting more wide-spread. However, currently in various operation occasions, the workers are still required to face how to operate all kinds of hand tooling and equipments. In the industrial cases, there were many opportunities to use hand grip strength to operate machines. Hand grip strength has received increasing attention from industrial engineers and ergonomic researchers. The relation between hand grip strength and tools grip span was important issues in ergonomics. Occasionally, it was little research to conduct. This study aims at exploring the relationship of tools grip span and hand grip strength. Seventy two subjects rose from volunteers participators, including 29 males and 43 females. Dependent variables were maximum volitional contraction and hand gripping control (HGC-_70%, target value 70% MVC). Three different diameters of grip span were significance differences in maximum volitional contraction and hand gripping control. The study finds that the best diameter of tools grip span was 47.6 mm. The finding will be served as a reference for task design, instrument design as well as for disease protected for industrial staffs.

Abstract: The revised NIOSH Lifting Equation developed in 1991 is an ergonomic intervention assessment tool that used to calculate the recommended weight limit (RWL) for lifting tasks and to identify the hazardous lifting tasks. But this equation application is limited to those conditions for which it was designed and the different populations have different anthropometric distributions. This research will propose a solution to determine the effect of different manual lifting tasks on biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical limitation and develop the new automatic system tool to calculate the ideal RWL for Malaysian people for the working tasks perform. This new system tool which design according to the criteria of Malaysian people can increase the safe working environment for the workers.

Abstract: This paper presents a study of work shift analysis on security workload. Six security employees were investigated in this study for two work shift periods (morning and night). T - test was used to determine the differences of psychophysiological fatigue before and after working. Survey was conducted to identify some complaints. Pulse, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and skin temperature were also determined to define the physiological fatigue. In addition, motivation, psycho - social, and psychological complaints were identified to define the psychological fatigue by using an independent developed questionnaire. The results then shows some differences about the physical fatigue aspect in which the average are 32,2 before working and 28,2 after working. The average pulses aspects are 65.6 beats/min and 93.2 beats / min before and after working, the average blood pressure are 121,8 mm Hg and 127,7 mm Hg before and after working for systolic aspect. The average blood for diastolic aspect are 71 mm Hg and 75,9 mm H before and after working. Skin temperature is 34.8 C before working and 34.6 C after working. Result of this study also shows some differences on psychological fatigue where the mean work motivation was 21.5 before working and 24.7 after working, psycho-social was 13,5 before working and 14.3 after working, and psychological complaint was 50.8 before working and 40.83 after working.

Abstract: This paper presents a study in batik industry with the objective of determining any musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among canting batik workers in Kuala Terengganu. The MSDs symptoms were identified through questionnaires modified from a Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) and from observational techniques by using a postural analysis tool, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The results of questionnaires revealed that MSDs occurred at a high rate which the highest rates of MSDs prevalence were reported in shoulders (64.5%). By assessing postural using the REBA software, the score 4 placed it in medium risk level. However, there are other factors contribute to the existence of MSD such as prolong standing, repetitive movement and poor workstation design. These parameters are not taken into account in the RULA and REBA analysis. Thus, designing an ergonomic workstation may prevent awkward postures to provide a maximum comfort to the batik workers and consequently enhance the productivity. Keywords : batik, posture, musculoskeletal disorders, RULA,REBA

Abstract: In semiconductor wafer manufacturing, there are only a few processes but many steps. Each wafer must go through the processes multiple times (steps) and sometimes not in the same sequence. All the wafers in lot size of 25 pieces are transferred between the processes using an Automated Guided Vehicle from stocker to stocker. Then, the wafers are manually transferred to the processing tool. Although the tools are designed per SEMI S2/S8 standards [1,, the equipment technician can get into awkward postures when performing the preventive maintenance. Both the manual material handling between the tools and awkward postures during preventive maintenance can pose an ergonomic challenge. However, some techniques can be used to minimize the impact. This paper shares the techniques which can ease ergonomic problems in semiconductor wafer manufacturing

Abstract: Manual Material Handling (MMH) is a risky activity that causes low back pain and has become a worldwide phenomenon, not only in developed countries, but also occur in developing countries. One effort to reduce the injury caused by MMH is the Reccomended Weight Limit (RWL) equation, published by NIOSH. However, NIOSH equation is more tested and researched in European and America. Therefore, it is necessary adjustment for Indonesia people. In this paper, the author analyze the vertical multiplier factor in NIOSH equation for male workers in Indonesia. Multiplier factor is assessed using three criterias. There are biomechanics, physiology, and psychophysical. The result of this study is form of vertical multiplier equation, i.e VM = 1 - 0.0310083 (68-V) and VM = 1 - 0.00708215 (68-V) for an elevation below the knuckle.

Abstract: In industry, manual lifting still a prevalent choice even though mechanized and automated equipment are provided. Mismatch between workers' capability and lifting height, twist angle, and load mass in manual lifting can contribute to occupational injuries such as back pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lifting height, twist angle, and load mass on psychophysical experience, muscle activity, and heart rate while performing manual lifting activities. Subjective method associated with Likert Scale was applied to assess the psychophysical experience. Meanwhile, surface Electromyography and heart rate monitor were utilized to measure the muscle activity and heart rate respectively. Main findings of this study show that the rating of psychophysical experience, muscle activity, and heart rate increased when the lifting height and load mass increased. This study concluded that the psychophysical experience and muscle activity were affected when the lifting height, twist angle, and load mass were set at maximum level.

Abstract: In the industrial workplaces, manual materials handling is a necessity for the workers. However, improper materials handling technique can contribute to occupational injuries. The objective of this paper is to provide information on ergonomics risk factors and health effects associated with manual materials handling. Ergonomics risk factors include awkward posture, excessive load, and extreme temperature has been identified as main contributors to poor occupational health in manual materials handling activities.