Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 212-213

Abstract: Scientific and reasonable water price is the foundation of beneficial operation of water supply project, and water pricing is on the basis of per cubic meter water supply cost. According to characteristics of water supply project in the plain irrigation area of the Yellow River, a research on calculation methods of agricultural water supply cost is made. Calculation formulas of project lines are put forward and an example was given.

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of prematurity of particle swarm optimization algorithm and local optimization, a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the organizational evolutionary (OE-PSO) is presented. The evolutional operations are acted on organizations directly in the algorithm, and gained the global convergence ends through competition and cooperation, and overcome the shortcomings of the traditional PSO. Based on analysis of the reservoir operation optimization model and the traits of OE-PSO, the mathematical model and the procedures for solving the optimized reservoir operation optimization by using OE-PSO were proposed in detail. A case study indicates that OE-PSO has better convergence speed and computational accuracy, whereby providing a novel effective method or way for the settlement of the problem of reservoir optimal operation.

Abstract: To solve the indexes incompatibility when optimizing the reservoir characteristic tables, this paper combined all the indexes for the evaluation of reservoir normal storage water table into one index called superiority degree to standard evaluation set. It was used to represent comprehensive superiority of different reservoir normal storage water tables. Taking the Aertashi Reservoir normal storage water table optimization as a case study, the contrary degree and identity degree optimization model was applied. The scheme with normal storage water table of 1810m was chosen. The result shows that the reservoir characteristic tables optimization by the contrary degree and identity degree optimization model is reasonable and feasible. In addition, the model has simple structure and easy calculation.

Abstract: Yellow River water diversion is an effective way to alleviate agricultural irrigation water shortage and promote agricultural production around Shandong Yellow River diversion area. It also plays a role in improving regional water cycle, including effects on evaporation, precipitation, surface runoff coefficient, and groundwater level of intake area. The paper studied the development of Yellow River water diversion in Shandong province, and qualitatively analysized the impact on the regional temperature, evaporation. And then the surface runoff coefficient and groundwater level before and after large-scale diversion in the area were quantitatively analysized. The results show that irrigation diversion from Yellow River can increase surface runoff coefficient and groundwater level, bring an enormous benefit to eco-environment, and provide an irreplaceable support role of the sustainable socio-economic development in Shandong province.

Abstract: Non-point source (NPS) pollution is one of the major pollution sources in agricultural watershed, and the NPS pollution is the governing factor for polluting surface water. In this paper, series of hydrologic response units were set in various land-use plots to observe the runoff yields and NPS pollution yields from 2008 to 2010. The rainfall and fertilization were recorded in various types of land-use. Based on the long-term observation data, the characteristics of flow yield and critical precipitation intensities for generating runoff were quantified, and the hydraulic driven NPS pollutions (TN, TP) were analyzed temporally and spatially. The results show the flow yield is positive to total amount and intensity of precipitation and hillslope, but negative to vegetation canopy and Tillage intensity. Based on surface hydraulic conditions, the NPS pollution yield on various lands are calculated statistically. The seasonal fluctuations of NPS pollution yield rates are strongly related to flow production and human artificial fertilization. This work will enhance the understanding of NPS loss in agricultural watersheds.

Abstract: We designed a kind of irrigation control system based on PC and C8051F by ourselves, which was finished by implanting C8051F microcontroller in MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox to design fuzzy control program and the fuzzy control results were simulated by SIMULINK，PC was planted in WINCE6.0 embedded operation platform, and used C# to develop software, it has the functions of observation and operating database, etc. The system achieved the purpose of fuzzy controlling by using microcontroller technology and embedded technology.

Abstract: In order to solve the conflict about shortage of water resources and socio-economic development in Guanzhong region of Weihe River basin, the water resources and available water resources were studied. Analysis the distribution laws and evolution trends of water resources , by calculating the available water resources of all district, summarized their distribution characteristic and the relationship with available ratio, and forecasted the other water resources using situation in future planning year. Finally obtain the conclusion that water resources of Guanzhong region were scarce as a whole, water resources and available water resources were uneven distribution.

Abstract: Based on complex adaptive system theory, the characteristics of water resources allocation system of river basin are analyzed. Evolutionary mechanisms and process of complex adaptive water resources allocation system in Dianchi basin are researched, and also characteristics of "learning". A complex adaptive system model of water-resource allocation is established during analyzing the influence factors and the reaction rules of water consumer agents and water provider agents. And based on this model, water resources in Dianchi basin is allocated only under Dianchi water provider and Zhangjiu river Yunlong reservoir water provider by using the platform of matlab. Finally, corresponding calculation results and conclusions are concluded.

Abstract: Wuxi City is located in the hinterland of Taihu Basin and an important city in Yangtze River Delta Region with a prosperous economy. In the process of urban development, the river system pattern changes a lot. It has an impact on water environment, water ecology and other fields. The central urban area of Wuxi City was selected as the study area. Based on the river system of three periods: 1960s, 1980s and 2009, the rivers were classified into three levels according to the width of channels. The length, acreage and stream structure parameters were calculated. Then from the view of Graph Theory, river system was expressed as network graph, and the vertices, edges and degree of vertices were analyzed. The results show that the changes of rivers of different levels and lakes are not completely the same, but still appear a decreasing trend in general. The river network density and water surface ratio become smaller. Also the complexity and structure stability of river network weaken. The conclusions that the river evolution tends to be trunk and single, the stream structure is simplified and the connectivity of rivers and lakes reduces are verified by the analysis based on Graph Theory as well.

Abstract: Starting from strengthening ecological construction and management of pastoral areas of grassland, aiming at current ecological water demand of natural grassland under the condition of lacking irrigation and agriculture and forestry measures, this paper has studied the quantitative relation between natural grassland’s water demand and rainfall, soil water, grassland vegetation coverage and biomass with various types of grassland in Inner Mongolia as targets and through surveys, experiments and other scientific approaches. Then, it has established calculation methods of natural grassland with utilizable amounts of soil water and average ecological water consumption of grassland as basic parameters to determine to reach a certain level of ecology, water demand threshold range of natural grassland for maintaining ecological balance and achieving expectant function and provide technological support for strengthening water and soil conservation of pastoral areas of grassland and recovering and improving ecological environment of grassland.