Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 212-213

Abstract: Water resources are an important influence factor of land remediation. As support of food production, analysis of soil and water resources supply and demand balance is an important part and technical support of the construction. According to some relevant calculation formulas on water resources assessment, after forecast of water demand and the calculation of water supply, in the project area of the demonstration construction of whole rural land remediation in Fuyu County, the average water availability for many years is 70581.6 thousand m3 each year, including surface water availability 57003.3 thousand m3 and groundwater availability 13578.3 thousand m3. Water demand is 58806.2 thousand m3 in 2015; including water demand for life 5150.9 thousand m3 and water demand for agricultural irrigation 53655.3 thousand m3. Water supply is more than water demand; the basic supply-demand balance can be achieved in conditions of the design of water supply project.

Abstract: The passage makes an analysis about water utilization structure by consulting literature and questionnaire survey. Household water consumption rose steadily and its proportion in domestic water rose from 39.8% in 1999 to 66.8% in 2008, and the flushing and bathing accounted for the largest amount of household water, its proportions is 27.1% and 26.4%. The bathing water of the southern city was wasted; it produces water-using potential. So the prevalence rate of the advanced instruments is important for using water efficiently.

Abstract: In order to find out rules and trends of pipe burst, the relevant data of the 2011 domestic web news reported burst events were collected and collated. The statistical analysis results showed that, burst mainly occurred in the southern coastal cities. Summer and winter were the main seasons for burst, especially in January, burst became worse. 5:00-17:00 was a dangerous phase during a whole day. The trunk road intersection or crossings, and the construction site were more likely to become the incident locations. Improper construction and aging were the main reasons for burst. The diameter of burst were concentrated in DN300-DN600, DN800 and DN1000. Cast iron pipe was more likely to burst. The probability of burst might increase when pipe age became 20-30 or 30-40 years. The burst was repaired in time.

Abstract: With the example of the water supply engineering planning of small towns in southern china, the effects of town water consumption forecast, water resource selection, water site choice, pipe network planning on the present engineering planning of water supply were investigated. The analyses show that the water consumption forecast should adopt many kinds of methods to check each other, and finally determine a proper value. To ensure water yield of source water reliable and water quality to meet the requirements are the first principle of the water resource selection. The location of water plant should be determined according to the characteristics of the water source and the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, in accordance with the relevant requirements specification. The basic requirements of the pipe network layout are as follows: the security of water quality; the reliability of the water volume and water pressure; the operation reliability and the least investment. As a part of the overall planning, the water supply engineering planning should proceed from reality to deal with the relationship of the recent construction and long-term development in order to push small towns economy to a rapid growth.

Abstract: In this paper, a new semi- automatic method for finding best locations for rain-water drainage lines is developed. The developed method is based on a heuristic greedy algorithm and relies on a digital terrain model (DTM) that can be generated from digitized contour lines or from new remote sensing technologies, such as the airborne laser scanning LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems. The developed algorithm in this paper uses heuristics and a neighborhood search to find the best locations for rain-water drainage lines between two defined points by minimizing the objective function value by considering a set of constraints, including constrained elevation values and downward slope. The developed algorithm is implemented in a computerized model named (CPline_Route) developed in Microsoft Windows Visual C++6 and was equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI) to friendly enable users enter their desired parameters and specify an approximate initial line interactively. The performance of the developed computerized tool was tested by restricting a search around a contour line with constrained elevation values, and the result obtained demonstrated that the developed algorithm is effective. It noteworthy that optimal solution cannot be guarantee using greedy heuristic developed in this study. It can be concluded that the developed method is feasible for planning new rain-water drainage lines for new residential areas in developing countries where heavy rains are frequent, and potentially to be useful for planning new pipelines.

Abstract: Highlight advantages of the finite element method is suitable for non-linear, non-homogeneous, complex boundary conditions. The paper adopts the finite element method to analysis culvert stress in Valley terrain. Gain that when the filling height H=40 meters, considering the valley topography calculated Ks=1.19, otherwise the Ks=1.435, the difference is about 17%. Therefore, the effects of the valley terrain to the high embankment culvert can not be ignored.

Abstract: This article focuses on the tunnel construction process in arid and semi-arid regions which producing water environment problems ,proposing to initialize the control for the water pollution, containment of surface water and groundwater quality deterioration and loss of water and soil in the process of tunnel construction.The water eco-system of tunnel engineering in the arid and semi-arid regions is researched and established, so as to achieve the control for the surface water and groundwater pollution problems of tunnel project in arid and semi-arid regions, and to provide relevant guidance for the tunnel project.

Abstract: In order to test the effect on NRW(None Revenue Water) of one-household-one-meter conversion, find out key factors to influence the water supply efficiency and propose ways to reduce the rate of NRW, this article was based on the current practical engineering situation in Chongqing, China, by selecting 5 representative controlled fields for a six-month testing period. It shows that: different installation qualities of one-household-one-meter act different influences on NRW. The individual customer’s domestic water can be measured effectively by installing the drip-proof valve. The rate of NRW can be decreased at the beginning in the fields with “drip-proof valve + meter”. Water supply efficiency rate of the fields with “meter only” keep stable during 6 months, and meanwhile the fields with “drip-proof valve + meter” decrease over time. The function of drip-proof valve is found to stop at 147 days after installation due to the rust and sand getting into the valve. “Drip-proof valve + meter” is a practical and effective one-household-one-meter conversion method. Relevant standard atlas is recommended to be developed and implemented timely. Maintenance of pipeline and guarantee of water quality in pipeline are very important to keep the contribution of “drip-proof valve + meter” on NRW.

Abstract: Taking the Ningdong Energy and Chemical Base as an example, this paper focuses on the study on four aspects: reform model of industrial water supply water management system, efficient industrial water management system, water-saving system of water resource recycling economy, and the index system of industrial water-saving, it develops water-saving programs, and conducts a comprehensive demonstration to the water saving efforts of the three leading water industry. The results show that water-saving benefits are obvious, and has an active role in demonstration.

Abstract: The paper describes the development of a technique for the optimal design of water supply and distribution systems, based on a coupling between evolutionary algorithms and a pressurized hydraulic network solver. The purpose is to show the capabilities of Pareto genetic algorithms (PGAs) in solving multi-objective, constrained optimization problems: in such cases, the optimum is represented not only by one solution, as in single-objective optimization, but by a set of optimal configurations (the Pareto front or frontier), satisfying different levels of compromise among the competing objectives. A Pareto GA should determine the family of such non-dominated solutions, each of which is optimal in the sense that no improvement can be achieved in one criterion without the degradation in at least one of the remaining criteria. This might be of great help to the decision maker in selecting the best trade-off configuration, which will eventually depend on the actual context. An application to a real case is also presented.