Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 212-213

Abstract: Optimal allocation problem of water resources has some features that principal and subordinate hierarchical, multi-objective, multi-stage, risk decision-making, etc. Aimed to these characteristics, this paper constructs multiple objective risk decision model under principal and subordinate hierarchical risk decision-making, and by integrating a variety of optimization algorithms for solving idea ( such as fuzzy stochastic simulating technique, multi-objective satisfactory degree computation, principal and subordinate hierarchical game, and evolutionary game solving technology based on particle swarm algorithm), established an algorithm system of possessing logical relations. The result is convincible after a case study.

Abstract: Integrated water allocation in the Yellow River has played an important role in maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River and realizing its functionally unabated flow. After the integrated water allocation, the average surface water consumption in the Yellow River Basin decreased 46*108 m3, the average annual benefits reached 12.643 billion Yuan, and the GDP accumulatively increased 3504*108 Yuan. The Yellow River has flowed unabated for 10 successive years, and the eco-environmental water consumption in the lower reaches during the non-flood season has increased 14.6*108 m3, which guaranteed the base flow of the Yellow River

Abstract: Seasonal drought and soil erosion happened alternately on red soil slope farmland, which severely restricted its full productivity. This project took down-slope tillage as a control and different soil reservoir construction measures’ slopes as subjects, studying their soil reservoir storage function and dynamic change of water storage, in order to study the mechanism of water-retaining and regulating capability in different soil reservoir construction measures’ slopes. The results show that the max. and min. volume of water storage in pits Ⅰ, pits Ⅱ, pin hole Ⅰand pin hole Ⅱare 19.67%, 32.14%, 17.61%, 17.17% and 14.06%, 16.46%, 10.20%, 11.82% higher than the control respectively. Monthly changes of water storage in different soil layers of the control were more than those in construction measures’ slopes farmland, which were minimal in pit Ⅱ, Water storage increased first and then decressed with the increase of soil depth, but the changes of water storage at 0～40 cm layer were more greater than that at 80～100 cm layer in all the slope farmlands, which provided stronger water regulating capability.

Abstract: Evaluation of regional water resources sustainable utilization provides a scientific basis for further water resources utilization and social economic sustainable development. How to use a scientific and rational assessment index system to analyze the sustainable utilization of water resources becomes more important. This paper mainly studied on the assessment index system construction for sustainable utilization of urban water resources. A total of 30 indicators were selected to establish for urban water resources sustainable use of the evaluation system.

Abstract: The situation in the 1990’s before the implementation of integrated water allocation in the Yellow River and the situation after the implementation between 1999 and 2008 are compared, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis is adopted to assess the social effects of the ten year’s integrated water allocation in the Yellow River. The agricultural surface water consumption after the water regulation averagely decreased 17.7*108m3, and the eco-environmental water in the lower reaches during the non-flood season increased 14.6*108m3,which curbed the decreasing trend of ecological water use for the channel from the 1970s to1990s.The results show that the integrated water allocation in the Yellow River has established a comparatively fair order for water use, guaranteed the water supply safety and the national food safety.

Abstract: Water stress is an important approach to use water resources efficiently and remit the agricultural water shortage. Hemarthria compressa is one of perennial grasses, a pasture of high quality, which has abundant species resources in China. To explore the response of the growth, yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of Hemarthria compressa under water stress, this study, adapting pot experiment, imposed three water stress degree (LD, MD and SD) treatments and a control treatment on Hemarthria compressa. The data of growth indicators during control period, yield and total water consumption were obtained. The results show a noticeable inhibitory action of water stress on the growth of Hemarthria compressa. Along with the intensifying of water stress, plant height increment, leaf area, total biomass, dry matter of each organ and yield decreased, and the root-shoot ratio increased firstly and inclined to slump finally. Plants under the middle water stress treatment achieved the greatest WUE of 38.25 kg/m³. The first 10d in the water control period was the most sensitive period of the pasture responding to water stress.

Abstract: Abstract. Non-depositing critical velocity is an important parameter in project design for low pressure pipeline irrigation system. By using indoor experimental system of water pipeline conveyance, the non-depositing critical velocity with different sediment content has been researched. The results show that the non-depositing critical velocity increases with the increasing of sediment content, but it does not increase substantially with the increasing of sediment content. The empirical formula of non-depositing critical velocity has been drawn, and close agreement between the empirical formula and the measured data exists with a correlation coefficient R2=0.95, which can provide the basic theoretic reference to prevent pipe from being clogged in channel irrigation area.

Abstract: The dynamical-wave method routing model of the unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was be established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the city unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow, and it was resoled by applying the four concealing style differences and the pursue method. Results by experiment checking computations and comparative analysis state that this routing model can reflect flood peak propagate in pipeline attenuate and backwater etc. influence, has high calculation precision, possess vast sphere of application, and can adapt to performing the city rain pipe flow routing in the distinct situation of the different incline degrees and enter runoff. This routing model supplies the scientific foundation to the town rainfall piping design or checking, administration of storm runoff, and so on.

Abstract: The study concerns on drinking water treatment with combining ozonation process, coagulation and Microfiltration (MF) of Poly-vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) in a dead-end filtration. The pilot-scale process consists of several parts: pre-ozonation, coagulation, sedimentation and microfiltration membrane separation. Ozone of 0.5mg/l and alum of 10 mg/l were added into raw water. The experience focuses on investigation of permeate water quality and variation of trans-membrane pressure (TMP). The results of the study showed that good permeate quality were fulfilled. Turbidity of permeate was consistently below 0.1 NTU. The MF membrane removed iron perfectly, which was below 0.3 mg/l. The reduction of manganese and CODMn met the China Drinking Water Regulations. Additionally, TMP was stable during filtration for a long time and ozone could delay membrane fouling. Chemical cleaning of membrane could decrease TMP to initial level, and chemical analysis for chemical cleaning solution shown that organic matters and manganese caused membrane fouling.

Abstract: China has the largest population in the world, and the available water resources per capita are very limited. The rapid economic growth and urbanization has caused increased water demand in China’s urban areas. Urban water quota management has become a core strategy for establishing a water-saving society. In 2001-2008, the trend of total water consumption has changed obvious in China. And the water consumption of public service has the same trend. Whit the development of the third industry and the increase of use efficiency, in the future the trend of public service water consumption will maintain stable situation. It still need further improve the water management to control the water increasing. The comprehensive water quota as the standard can estimate the water-saving level of the industries. And it can also determine whether the industry meet the water-saving requirements. Compared with the part quota, it simplifies the process of collecting the water data and improving the quota management operation, which avoid the false data. Researching the comprehensive water quota is a critical part of water quota management.