Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 368-370

Abstract: Based on the result of heat balance test,first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics,the energy analysis and exergy analysis was made for the deoxidization-distillation process to study the energy efficiency of deoxidization-distillation process in titanium sponge combination production technology.The results of energy analysis show that high temperature physics heat of by-products MgCl₂ to be used for better is the main direction of energy-saving.The results of exergy analysis show that reducing internal heat transfer and exergy loss of irreversible reaction is the key to save energy in deoxidization-distillation process.

Abstract: The luminous fiber is a kind of functional material which is made from rare earth luminescent powders. This fiber is composed of raw material and long lasting rare earth luminescent material, and made by a special spinning process. If luminous fibers absorb visible light and store lighting energy, then it will continue to light in dark for more than 10 hours. The luminous fiber can shows a variety of colors, such as red, yellow, green and blue in the light, and display all sorts of colors, such as red, yellow, blue and green in the dark. The advantages of this fiber are with brilliant color, no requirement of energy consumption, and a kind of environmentally friendly high-tech product. This paper discusses characteristics and applications of luminous material and fibers, and the purpose is to promote such material into the potential market.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the creep test on static loading of stainless steel materials. Theestablished creep analytical modeling was used to predict the creep life of stainless steel at high temperature. In order to conduct creep testing, the materials were subjected to constant load and high temperature at 565°Cin comparisons with different stresses at the similar temperatures.Time dependent deformation of 316L stainless steel at high temperature at different loading was investigated in this study.The variationof creep strain rates is clearly shown that the secondary creep obeyed and well agreement with a power law relationship as the constant increase creep rate till the tertiary stages of specimen test.

Abstract: Galloping and ice shedding, two of significant dynamic damages to bundle conductors, are both typical three-degree-of-freedom vibrations, while few technique is studied on monitoring the torsion oscillation of the whole bundles and the sub-conductors. For the monitoring of the vertical, horizontal, and especially torsional oscillations, a novel type of spacer damper is developed, which can also detect the torsion motion of each sub-conductor, with consideration of the special configurations of bundle cables and integrated with fiber bragg grating sensors. Then, a distributed FBG network is introduced.

Abstract: This paper shows a method to develop a new non-chloride snow-melting agent to fight against snow and ice covered on the road in winter by recycling and reusing byproducts of nylon industry to make full use of waste and reduce environment. The agent doesn’t have Cl^- and is friendly to environment. Furthermore, the snow-melting agent performances are evaluated. The results show that the CM-DBA is better than CMA on many aspects and better than chlorides except on melting snow and ice performance.

Abstract: Microstructure of high strength pipeline steels containing different Nb contents was investigated using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Second phase particles were analyzed by extraction replica method. The results show that microstructure of the low Nb steel comprises granule bainite and the low bainite with a few of martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents. However, microstructure is consisted of acicular ferrite with M-A constituents in high Nb content steel. Moreover, M-A constituent is consisted of twinning martensite, lath martensite and retained austenite. In the low Nb steel precipitates are a large of square TiN particles. Second particles of high Nb content are mainly the large size duplex type (Nb,Ti)C and small NbC precipitates.

Abstract: This work highlights the effect of post-washing stage on the surface morphology and ash content of the final porous carbon. Three different acids were selected to post-wash charred carbon including nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the washed carbon was not much affected by acidic washing. Moreover, the amount of retained ash for the three acids (proximate analyses) showed that nitric acid-washed carbon could best remove surface ash from the charred carbon. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) also showed the presence of various heavy metals and heteroatoms on carbon surface. The results suggest that nitric acid would be best among the investigated acids to remove our charred carbons surface ash. This would enable the synthesized carbon to be used in more sensitive applications. However, the available ash still needs to be reduced if the carbon is to target highly sensitive applications such as drinking water treatments.

Abstract: In this paper, a vacuum freeze drying equipment was developed for vacuum deacidification of paper relics. The relation between freezing velocity and sample mass was studied experimentally, so did the relation between freezing velocity and pre-freezing time. The results indicated freezing velocity is inversely proportional to sample mass as well as the time used with refrigerating capacity equal to mass fraction of frozen water. Problems like melting or disintegration can be overcome by heating gradually. Radiation heating combined with conduction heating make sure the sample is heated evenly. Moreover, vacuum deacidification is available to remove acid of paper relics, and paper relics are kept intact by means of vacuum freeze-drying.

Abstract: The effects of plastic grades and composition contents on creep behavior of extruded composites from polypropylene and rubberwood flour were investigated. Virgin polypropylene gave lower creep strain than recycled polypropylene, both in composites and as unfilled plastic. An increase of rubberwood flour content reduced the creep deformation of the composites, both virgin and recycled plastics. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene as a coupling, 5 wt% addition increased the creep strain of the composite materials. Likewise, an addition of 1 wt% ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer content significantly enhanced the creep deformation. The results recommend that the amount of UV stabilizer should be as small as possible to limit its negative effects. Four-element Burger model offered a good fitting on the creep behavior of each composite formulation.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to verify the influence of expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) fillers on the flammability of polyisocyanurate-polyurethane (PIR). Limited oxygen index increased to 72.5 with an incorporation of 16 phr (parts per hundred of matrix) EG and 50 phr ATH into the matrix (total weight percent was 39.76%). Cone calorimetry was employed to study the flammability properties of these PIR/ATH/EG composites. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to study the char characteristics of the composites after the cone calorimetry tests. It was found ATH could effectively induce villi like particles, which made the intumescent char denser, on the surface of EG. The compact char layer could effectively impede the transport of bubbles and heat. ATH and EG accelerated the initial degradation and fluffy char was quickly generated on the surface. Thus, degradation products of the composite were slowed down and the diffusion of volatile combustible fragments to flame zone was delayed.