Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 448-453

Abstract: Chloral alkali at room temperature Can be quickly converted into chloroform completely, Application of this principle, By Purge and Trap GC/MS method , Determination of the alkali content of chloroform in water before and after the difference, Inverse to get the water content of chloral. NaOH were added to different volumetric flask. It is flask with standard solutions in different concentrations. Aside a certain amount of determination, error is larger. NaOH was injected directly into the injector. This was the method. It completely transformed in Purge and Trap, greatly reduces human error. The linear range is 0.5-20ug/L, the minimum detection limit can reach 0.05ug/L, the relative standard deviation is less than 2.3%, the average recovery was 97.5%. This method is simple and quick,the results are accurate and reliable, which is able to meet the drinking water source in the analytical needs of chloral.

Abstract: Wayaobao Formation of late Triassic, in Ordos Basin is composed of clastic rocks, such as grey green thick-bedding medium-coarse-grained lithic arkose, lithic feldspathic sandstone, fine-medium-grained lithic feldspathic greywacke, quartzose feldspathic sandstone, et al. Detailed study of Wayaobao Formation in Shenmu was carried out about lithology, sedimentary structures, biological characteristics, heavy mineralogy and trace element characteristics, then a conclusion was drawn that Wayaobao Formation in Shenmu, Ordos Basin was fluvial deposit.

Abstract: Monitoring water quality using biological monitoring technology based on microscopic examination of activated sludge, machine vision replaces manual observation. The contrast between target and background is relatively low in the images obtained by automatic electron microscope. It is difficult to accurately distinguish the target and background if single image segmentation method is used. Therefore, the image which is segmented by single image segmentation method will be regarded as the source image, and image fusion is performed on these source images using wavelet transform. The fused image will be regarded as the final segmentation image. The result of experiments shows that using this idea can get better image edge detection effect, and it will provide good technical basis for the next protozoan and metazoan identification and statistics.

Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of metrological ordinary work in water pollution source online monitor instrument and reduce the measurement personnel's labor intensity. 3G technology has been used to connect test instrument with the client's network through the study of the STM32 type microprocessor and analog-to-digital conversion to test instruments output current. DTU and 3G wireless network have been used to complete the testing data of the transmission, as well as formulate the corresponding server and client software,which perfect man-machine interface and facilitate man-machine interaction. Field experiments show that the system is stable and reliable, which can effectively meet the demand of the measurement and have a broad application prospect.

Abstract: The Tessiers five-stage sequential extraction procedure for extractable heavy metals determination was applied to sludge samples collected from wastewater treatment plant of Yanan city, Shaanxi province, China. According to the Tessiers guidelines, Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The heavy metal concentrations from high to low are Cu > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cd, which are lower than maximum permitted levels for agricultural use in relation to current international legislation. As shown in the speciation experiment, Cu mainly exists in organic form and sulfides, which is relatively stable. Zn with potentially hazards mainly exists in iron/manganese form. Ni mainly exists in insoluble form, which is stable and not easy to migrate to the environment. Cd with potential biological effectiveness mainly exists in acid soluble form and is easy to migrate to the environment.

Abstract: In order to understand the pollution features of heavy metals in sediments of Elephant Lake in Nanchang city, sediment samples were collected and detected .Using microwave digestion and BCR Method for sediment pre-treatment, the concentrations of heavy elements were measured by ICP-OES emission spectrometer. Sediment heavy metal contents were in descending order of Zn> Pb> Cu> Cr> As> Cd. According to the national soil environmental quality standards of P.R.China, there was Cd contamination in lakebed mud. And five kinds of metals existed mainly in oxidizable (F3) and residual (F4) , indicating less risk of migration of heavy metals .

Abstract: Groundwater is an important substitute water source in seashore zone of Taiwan owing to its accessibility and stability. However, the potential toxicity derived from inorganic metal, organic contaminant leaking from industrial area, soil salinity and disinfection by-products (DBPs) has attracted governors attention to the health risk in groundwater usage. To figure out the impacts of environmental factors to the patterns of pollutant as well as to bio-toxicity in groundwater, Redundancy analysis (RDA) technology is utilized to assess their causalities in this study. Results pointed out that inorganic arsenite concentration is highly related to biological toxicity. The main species of HAAs is bromodichloroacetic acids and dichloroacetic acids, they was dominated by bromide (Br^-) concentration and humic substances, respectively. The existence of bromide in groundwater is resulted from soil salinity due to seawater incursion. For water safety, the removal of HAAs and arsenite are necessary, and effective limit of HAAs generation should devote to limit the increase of Br^- and humic substances. Thus, RDA was demonstrated a useful tool to investigate the causal relationship among the environment variables, pollution and toxicity in environmental studies.

Abstract: This paper proposes an odor source localization method based on bionic olfaction. The special nasal cavity and turnable head make mammalian have excellent odor source localization ability. According to this principle, a turnable bionic odor sensing device is proposed by this paper for odor source localization system. This sensing device can rotate freely within the range level 360°, and the detection directions of its sensing channels are different. This also proposes a pattern recognition algorithm based on K-L transform to analyze the data collected by odor sensing device, and the features of odor source are extracted correctly. Experimental results for odor source localization demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Abstract: Routine analysis of steroid hormones in environmental water samples demands for cost-effective tools that can detect multiple targets simultaneously. This study reports a high-throughput polymer platform integrated to polymer optical sensors for on-site monitoring of hormones in water. This opto-microfluidic device concept is fully compatible to low-cost fabrication methods. A competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay was performed onto gold thin film coated chambers, and a detection resolution of roughly 0.2 ng/mL was obtained using 17β-estradiol as the model target. Furthermore, the integrated polymer platform showed good recovery for the estradiol target when spiked in surface water samples.

Abstract: Waste coal impact degree on chemical composition of soil solutions were studied by key hydrochemical parameters in the industrial area of abandoned Avangard coal mine. It was found that the impact of waste coal and mine waters is seen in accumulation of sulfides and silicon compounds in humus soil horizons; iron, chrome and copper in mineral horizons. Close correlation between chemical composition of mine waters and composition of soil solution was found.