Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 641-642

Abstract: In view of the present situation of frequent flood and drought disaster in China, and lacking of technology for emergency hydrologic monitoring system and emergency response analysis. Face to emergency hydrologic forecast, this paper study on hydrologic information extraction and flood inundation risk emergency, and set up emergency hydrologic analysis system with the function of emergency hydrologic information extraction, flood simulation, flood analysis and hazard evaluation and so on. The system provided technical support and analysis platform for emergency hydrologic monitoring, forecasting and decision making.

Abstract: Sacramento, SimHyd and Tank model were selected and their structure, principles and characteristics were briefly described. Then by taking Little River Catchment in Georgia, USA as an example, the rainfall-runoff process was simulated by using the Rainfall Runoff Library. The results showed that: Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient reached more than 80% and RE (relative error coefficient of the total runoff) of Sacramento model also meets the requirements. Considering the Sacramento model is the best one on the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, the model is selected as the optimal model of Little River Catchment in this study.As the catchment is located in the southeastern USA, with humid climate, and saturated storage-based runoff generation, which is similar to Chongqing region, it provides relatively good reference for Chongqing as well as the entire southwestern region.

Abstract: The Bachuan River is the main water source for urban life and industrial and agricultural production of one county in Chongqing, China, but water shortage is serious due to the water pollution and low development rate at present. In this paper, water resources quantity and quality of the Bachuan River basin were analyzed, and the water demand and supply were calculated. The results indicate that for the polluted river, in addition to the living and production water requirements, the guarantee of ecological water is important for the environment improvement. Reasonable joint regulation of upstream reservoirs is needed to maintain the water supply of living, production and ecological maintenance, and the water resources allocation should be adjusted according to the water inflow in different seasons. At the same time, water environment treatment and water conservation are also necessary to help to improve the water quality, and water transfer projects can be considered if the flow is too small in dry season.

Abstract: Satellite-derived and gauge rainfall data are incompatible spatial data. Although great efforts have been devoted to their combination recently, it is still a complicated issue to be addressed. In this study, the performance of merging satellite and gauge rainfall analyses is examined over a humid region in Southeast China. Using satellite rainfall from TRMM 3B43V7 and ground rain gauge measurements, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) based statistical merging algorithm was proposed to continuously produce monthly rainfall fields at 1-km resolution during the period 2003-2009. Results indicate that the benefits of this rainfall merging approach were remarkable only when the gauge density is lower than one gauge per 1,500 km², suggesting the information provided by TRMM 3B43V7 is more useful for estimating rainfall fields when the ground measurements are rather sparse.

Abstract: The author had given a brief introduction of Tarim River, and the analysis of its water network and the surrounding environmental features, and a few important representative of Tarim River tributaries and the main stream of the four major hydrological stations measured runoff for many years, the annual runoff, the average annual sediment load, the annual sediment load, the annual average sediment concentration, the annual sediment concentration, the average annual sediment transport modulus, the annual sediment transport modulus index data were analyzed. And on this basis, the author had given the further analysis of Tarim River stream sediment distribution characteristics, and had described the sediment source and characteristics of Tarim River.

Abstract: This paper was based on the Poyang lake Basin’s 55a rainfall data (1959 ~2014). First, the recursive linear interpolation method was used to complete the daily precipitation observation data of 55a to establish the Poyang lake basin’s data. Then the linear regression method was used to study the change trend of Poyang lake basin: the number of days of rainfall, days of light rain, days of heavy rain, days of rainstorm and days of continuous no rainfall. The results suggest that: 1) In the past 55a, there is no apparently change trend in precipitation between the annual and flood season. The precipitation has been with cyclical fluctuations. 2) The monthly variation trends in the water level of stations in Poyang lake basin are basically in accordance with the precipitation’s trends. 3) The precipitation has similar characteristics in spatial distribution between the annual and flood season, most concentrates in Raohe basin and XinJiang basin. 4) The total number of rainy days and light rain days shows a decreasing trend, but the heavy rain days and rainstorm days increase significantly on versus. The precipitation intensity has enhanced, also the days of continuous no rainfall show an increasing trend. That is the drought flood risk increases.

Abstract: With the requirement of the construction of water eco-civilization, the urban development in Northern China have paid more attention to the construction of landscape water. The spatial pattern of landscape water directly affects urban ecological function, but now, the study of this field is too little. Four typical distribution of landscape water area in Jinan, Weifang, Linyi and Jining of Shandong province, China were selected as study areas, four appropriate spacial indexes, such as suitable ratio of water surface area, shape index, evenness index and dispersity index were adopted and the corresponding standard for each index were determined to compare four cities’ landscape pattern with comprehensive analysis. So it is essential to reasonably plan landscape water area of land use in the future in order to give full play to its ecological effect in cities.

Abstract: This article tries to analysis water balance and solve the current problem In yulin city as an exampleunder the background of urbanization. Firstly, urbanization is a complex dynamic process, which contains many factors. Analysis the development process and its development and utilization of water resources conditions. Secondly, based on the basic characteristics of water resources of the city under the background of urbanization, further explores the causes for the effective use of water resources situation is not optimistic and analysis of supply and demand balance of water resources. Finally, finds the reason of yulin city belongs to the shortage of water resources, and limited carrying capacity. And puts forward practical measures to ease the urbanization that brings the contradiction of water resources supply and demand. It will fundamentally solve the issue of water resource shortage, balance of water resources supply and demand of local district.

Abstract: This article analyses the connotations of water resources carrying capacity and its evaluation method, Selecting 9 main factors as the evaluation indexes, combined with fuzzy pattern recognition model and apply this model to comprehensive evaluation of water resources in Erdos. The results show that current exploitation and utilization of water resources in this region has reached a considerable size, under the current economic and technical conditions, the bearing capacity of water resources in this region has been relatively small, water resources supply-demand contradiction is so urgent.