Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 641-642

Abstract: Selecting 4 shallow groundwater source heat pump (GSHP) projects as research objects in Weifang city of Shandong province, China, the groundwater quality in the project area was, observed and analyzed by sampling continuously. The results show that the concentrations of chloride and the total hardness are relatively stable, and there are no apparent changes; In the change curve of TDS in different kind of shallow GSHPs, the worse the sealing condition of the project, the more obvious the rising trend of TDS; The concentration of nitrate is generally on the rise, and the concentration of ammonia appears in the trend of first increased then decreased. Therefore, in the region, the shallow GSHPs are not completely free from contamination in the current technology conditions and the application should be controlled and managed strictly. The observation of shallow GSHPs still need be conducted in a long term.

Abstract: This paper used the Mann-Kendall test, Spearman rank correlation test, Pettitt-Mann-Whitney change-point statistics, and complex Morlet wavelet analysis method to analyze the trend, change-point, and period of the tidal level at Nanjing Station from 1950 to 2012. The results demonstrated that there was a significant increase of annual highest and lowest tidal levels, while the trend of annual average tidal level change was not obvious. Significant mutations existed not only in the term of annual highest tidal level but also in the lowest one: the annual highest tidal level increased by 0.49m after 1972, while the annual lowest one increased by 0.29m after 1982. The period of annual average tidal level, highest one, and lowest one were 10 years, 15 years, and 14 years respectively. The scale of fluctuations in the annual highest tidal level was close to the annual lowest tidal level. The cause analysis of fluctuation indicated that runoff variation was the dominant factor of tidal level change.

Abstract: The sensitivity analysis of the parameters is an essential part in the hydrological forecasting. In this paper, based on GLUE method and SMAR model, the scatters of likelihood values of nine parameters in both of Hanzhong and Mumahe basin can be generated. From the scatterplots of the parameters in SMAR model, the sensitivity of parameters can be determined by three levels that are non-sensitive level (LevelI), sensitive level (Level II) and basin-sensitive level (Level III). It is concluded that: the parameters of C, Z, Y, Kg belong to Level I; the parameter of K belongs to Level II; the parameters of H, T, G, N belong to Level III) . It indicates that the problem of redundant parameters exists in SMAR model.

Abstract: The spatial-temporal variability of karst water chemistry is affected by lithological information, precipitation and agricultural activities. Based on the data of 10 hydro-chemical monitoring stations in Houzhai karst basin from 1989 to 2001, the spatial-temporal variability of karst water chemistry and the relationships between karst water chemistry dynamic and their main control factors were interpreted and analyzed by using the integrating methods of the stochastic theory and geostatistics. The results indicate that the karst water chemistry dynamic of Houzhai karst basin show obvious spatial-temporal distribution characteristics. The temporal variations of main ions are closely related to precipitation. The main ions vary regularly in space because of lithological and karst morphology, but the spatial variations of K⁺, Na⁺ are controlled by agricultural activities.

Abstract: Based on the principal of forecast of Artificial Neural Network, Radial Basis Function neural network and Radial Basis Function neural network based on EMD were introduced into the field of precipitation forecasting in this article. With the precipitation data of 27 sites from1950-2010, EMD-RBF network was set up, and the difference between the predictive value and the actual precipitation data was discussed. The results showed that the correlation Of EMD-RBF forecast precipitation and actual precipitation is more than 0.9. Of all sites, the maximum relative prediction error of 17 sites is less than 10%, the maximum relative error does not exceed 15%.The EMD-RBF model had good quality on forecasting precision, which provided a new method for precipitation forecasting.

Abstract: Generally, water rights are based on the water law that applies in a particular country and, at their most basic, are classified as land-based or use-based rights.This study mainly analyzed current water rights trading in our country through summarizing the connotation of water rights at home and abroad, on the basis of analysis and comparison of the initial water rights allocation related models, at the same time, pointed out the importance by analysis of the initial water rights allocation model research, which is helpful to the initial water rights allocation for water rights market benign development.

Abstract: Karstification creates significant heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity within the aquifer, where flows are organized to a hierarchical structure, from the surface to the spring. A karstic aquifer subjected to groundwater flood and drought, as a site for the occurrence of karst groundwater, is the main or unique focus for groundwater development and utilization in southwestern China. The present paper introduces a methodology devoted to groundwater drought hazard assessment. It focuses on groundwater drought by applying of the spring time series for an estimate and categorization of operating resources of groundwater. The results show that a permit for use of water for ER1+ER2 up to 0.48 m3/s, with the exceeding probability 80% selected for representing dry. The longest drought duration time was happened in the year 1993 with the 2.9×106m3 shortage of water volume. Groundwater drought frequency analysis provides a useful tool for water management.

Abstract: National Nature Reserve for the Rare and Endemic Fishes in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River (RURYR) in China has been established to protect the extraordinarily perfect aquatic ecosystem since 2005. However, four cascade hydropower stations located in the upstream of RURYR will impound and generate electricity gradually, which may change the natural flow regime there. Since flow regime is of great importance to maintaining the healthy and integrity of aquatic ecosystems, it is essential to study the rules of its variation. The flow alteration in RURYR was characterized by Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) during 1960-2010, and its trends and the change rules were analyzed for further study on environmental flow and multi-objective optimal operation. The results indicate that in terms of almost no change in total annual runoff, the flow shows a decreasing trend in the flood season, especially in August and October, but an increasing trend in the dry season (from January to June). The variation trend seems reduce the flood risk as a good purpose, however, along with the multi-operation of the cascade reservoirs, the loss of flood peak will increase more significantly, which is harmful to the aquatic ecosystems.

Abstract: The study of the beginning of the sediment treatment and utilization is to build the levee of the river and used for construction. The problems for treatment and utilization are among the two problems. One is the money, and the other is the amount for used is much less than the sediment from above. So the plan for the utilization is important.

Abstract: Based on the data collected in January, March,July and October in 2013, the characteristics of water quality in temporally and spatially in the ponds of Lv-Tang-River national urban wetland park were investigated. The results show that the main pollutants of Lv-Tang-River wetland are chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. Their average concentrations are worse than the national quality standards for Class V. The characteristics of water quality in spatially are significantly correlated with the plant configuration in the wetland. The water quality in reed pond is the best. Secondly is in natural pond. The worst is in lotus pond. The average of single parameter pollution index (S_j) of reed pond, natural pond and lotus pond is 1.72, 1.82 and 1.96. The water quality in the three ponds belongs to light pollution area. The water quality in July and October is better than that in January and March. In July and October, the water quality belongs to light pollution area and S_j is 1.12 and 1.35 respectively. In January and March, the water quality belongs to moderate pollution area and Sj is 2.17 and 2.71, respectively. In order to improve the water quality in Lv-Tang-River national urban wetland park and protect the ecological environment of Zhanjiang city, the valid measure is to strengthen the management of artificial ponds in winter and spring.