Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1033-1034

Abstract: Different Cu-loading pillared clays catalysts were studied in selective catalytic reduction of NO by propylene. The catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (Cu/Ti-PILCs) had better catalytic activity and stability than that prepared by ion-exchanged method (Cu-Ti-PILCs). Cu/Ti-PILCs has higher BET surface area than Cu-Ti-PILCs. Pore size distribution analysis and XRD showed that Cu species dispersed well in Cu/Ti-PILCs but formed conglomeration in Cu-Ti-PILCs. TPR showed that Cu²⁺ species were the main active species on the Cu/Ti-PILCs, which was responsible for the high catalytic activity of catalyst.

Abstract: Mesoporous ceria catalysts were prepared by nanocasting of a mesoporous carbon and KIT-6. The prepared mesoporous ceria catalysts were used to catalyze CO oxidation. The various characterization techniques were employed to study the relationship between catalyst nature and catalytic properties. The results indicate that ceria prepared by using mesoporous carbon as template possess an ordered mesoporous architecture and exhibit much better catalytic activity compared with those prepared by using KIT-6 as template. The residual SiO₂ from KIT-6 was demonstrated to be the main reason for the much worse catalytic activities by the characterization results of X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer and FTIR spectra.

Abstract: Rice straw was degraded with different concentration hydrochloric acid solution.The reaction mixture was extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, respectively. The effects of different concentration dilute hydrochloric acids on the yields of residue were investigated. The extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results indicated that hydrochloric acid solution can convert most of the organic matters contained in rice straw into solvent-soluble species. The research is significance in the high value added utilization of rice straw.

Abstract: In the paper, new composite coal water slurry is prepared by the cattle dung. This new CWS utilizes biomass waste instead of some content coal, and it shows similar property with CWS by pure coal. The co-slurrying properties and the influences of adding amount and preparation conditions of cattle dung were studied. Experiments show that: the adding cattle dung could prepare coal-water slurry with more stabilization than not, but the calorific value of biomass CWS is less than pure coal. For keeping the calorific value of biomass CWS, the dry biomass dosage can reach 7%. Through the experiment detection biomass-CWS properties, we found the best preparation conditions and the best ratio of cattle dung, coal, water and additives for co-slurrying. As the result shown, the biomass-CWS is prepared by wet process with 53% coal, 7%water and 0.6% additive. Consider fresh cattle dung having 70% water, this CWS should be prepared by wet pulping and ball milling 60mins.

Abstract: Zn_1-xAl_xO (AZO, x=0, 1.2, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.8 at.%) films were deposited on glass substrates at room-temperature by magnetron sputtering using Zn-Al alloy target. The influence of Al-doping on the thermoelectric properties of AZO films was systematically investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity at room temperature increased from ~450 S/m (undoped ZnO) to 5.7×10⁴ S/m (Zn_0.979Al_0.021O). The Seebeck coefficient of Zn_0.972Al_0.028O and Zn_0.979Al_0.021O film increased stably with the increase of temperature from room temperature up to 300 °C. The power factor of Zn_0.972Al_0.028O thin film increased significantly with increasing of temperature and reached a maximum value of 17.9×10^-5 Wm^-1K^-2 at 300 °C, which was about three times larger than that of undoped ZnO films.

Abstract: The pretreatment of bamboo with dilute alkali and the effects on chemical components and enzymatic hydrolysis were studied, and the fiber structural properties of pretreated residues were studied with Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that dilute alkali was highly effective in delignification of the biomass, reducing the lignin content by 50-70%. Bamboo solid recovery was 74.40%, and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content were 60.02%, 25.93% and 9.08%, respectively, when pretreated with 1.0% sodium hydroxide, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 at 100 °C for 40 min. Under the conditions, the pretreated residue was hydrolyzed for 72 h with cellulose and xylanase dosage 40 FPU/g cellulose, and the hydrolysis yield of cellulose was 81.38% and that of hemicelluloses was 84.78%, resulting in a total of 66.74 g fermentable sugars from 100 g dry bamboo. The SEM pictures indicated that the biomass structure was deformed and its fibers were exposed, and FTIR results verified the lignin removal by the pretreatment.

Abstract: Zouzhuang coals were extracted by chloroform under ultrasonic irradiation. The qualitative and quantitative characterization of the extracts that gained in each fraction was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the extraction rate of tectonic coal (5.1%) is more than twice as compared to that of raw coal (2.2%). The extraction process of tectonic coal can be divided into four phases; however, there are only two stages for raw coal (all phases followed one order reaction kinetic equation).The diffusion behavior of two kinds of coal extract is distinct, the rate of free and adsorbed states were rapid, while, the stripping of eutectic state is slightly slow. The content of Aromatic C=C skeletons is similar to that of individual aromatic hydrogen atoms replaced. The content of-OH /-NH associated by hydrogen bonds is poor and the content of aromatics with two or four substituents is relatively higher. The content of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons of tectonic coal is close to that of raw coal. Non-hydrocarbon content in tectonic coal is lower than that of raw coal, the content of asphaltene of tectonic coal, on the contrary, is higher than raw coal.

Abstract: Ascorbic acid (VC) was used as carbon source for Li₂MnSiO₄/C composite synthesized by a sol-gel method. By comparing the electrochemical performance of the Li₂MnSiO₄/C composite and pure Li₂MnSiO₄, it was found that VC adding can improve the capacity of Li₂MnSiO₄. The Li₂MnSiO₄/C with 10% VC shows a discharge capacity of 212 mAh/g at 0.05C and Li₂MnSiO₄/C with 15% VC shows discharge capacity of 192 mAh/g at 0.1C, that were higher than the capacity of pure Li₂MnSiO₄.

Abstract: The chemical compositions, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and kinematic viscosity of cottonseed methyl ester (CSME) are investigated. Through blending with-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and treating with Flow Fit, the CFPP and kinematic viscosity of CSME are improved. The study shows that CSME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and the contents of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME) were 27.69% and 71.65% respectively. The CFPP and kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of CSME are-1 °C and 4.63 mm²/s respectively. Blending with-10PD decreased the CFPP of CSME to-12 °C.With temperature decreasing, the kinematic viscosities of CSME and CSME/-10PD increase. The lower the temperature is, the more differenced the kinematic viscosities of CSME and CSME/-10PD are. Treating with less than 3% (volume fraction) of Flow Fit, the CFPP of CSME and CSME/-10PD decreased significantly.

Abstract: Biomass energy is environmentally friendly, renewable, and a rich stock.The research and development of biomass energy have become a hot spot. The β-glucosidase is the key enzyme in the utilization of biomass. The fermentation conditions for β-glucosidase production from Aspergillus niger were optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: the seed age 48h, the inoculation amount 10%, the medium volume 20mL / 250mL, the initial pH 5.0, the rotational speed 200 r/ min, Under these conditions, the activity of β-glucosidase can research 13.92 U ∕ mL after 168h, increasing 92.8% than before. This experiment can provide the basis for the next step of liquid fermentation for the scaling up production of β-glucosidase.