Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1033-1034

Abstract: The Oxalis extract was obtained by soaking with ethanol, then mixed with distilled water and successively extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The four different polar solvent (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous) extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain four kinds of crude extractum. Antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Albicans Saccharomyces and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the four fractions were studied by minimal inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The results indicated that the chloroform extract and n-butanol extract from red Oxalis have no antimicrobial activity to the above 4 bacteria; the ethyl acetate extract showed significant inhibitory activities to the above 4 bacteria, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 1280ug/ml, 2560ug/ml, 2560ug/ml respectively; the aqueous extract have inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli and Albicans Saccharomyces, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 2560ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on the other two kinds of bacteria. The chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract from yellow Oxalis have no antimicrobial activity to the above 4 bacteria; the n-butanol extract has inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli, Albicans Saccharomyces and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 5120ug/ml, 5120ug/ml, 5120ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus; the aqueous extract have inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli and Albicans Saccharomyces, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 2560ug/ml, 5120ug/ml respectively, but it has no antimicrobial effect on the other two kinds of bacteria.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between the raw material properties and granulation behavior in extrusion wet granulation (WEG) and high shear wet granulation (HSWG). moisture content (MC), Carr index (CI), angle of repose (AOR), and mean size distribution (MSD) of binary mixtures were examined. The effect of these variables on the processibility and performance of the granulations was evaluated by monitoring such response along with granule growth. The prominent involved findings were that moisture content and Carr index had significant impacts on granule growth, followed by particle size, while angle of repose showed a minimal correlation. These results were physically interpreted by the previous wet granulation theories. The granule growth was linked to the properties of primary mixture. And in the process of high shear and extrusion granulation process, flowability showed an important effect on critical attributes of final product. Understanding the impact of primary properties of raw materials will be useful in mapping a new material to predict its performance in these two different granulation methods.

Abstract: A series of different molecular weight aqueous enteric P(MAA-co-EA) copolymer coating material were prepared by varying the amount of chain transfer agent in the process of emulsion polymerization. Using fluidized bed technology, omeprazole enteric-coated capsules were obtained via omeprazole pellets containing the isolation layer were coated by P(MAA-co-EA) copolymers emulsion, following vitro enteric test was carried out . The results showed that when the dosage of the chain transfer agent was 0.789% of the total monomer mass, the obtained P(MAA-co-EA) copolymer was used as the coating material of omeprazole capsule, which the resistance to acid was good for 2h and the release rate of the pellet tablets was quick in artificial intestinal liquid, and the test data was consistent with National Standards, and the storage stability was excellent.

Abstract: A high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography method was successfully applied to the separation and purification of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H from the volatile oil of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Rhizoma Chuanxiong. For the first time, using a two-phase solvent system composed of N-butanol–acetic acid–water (4:1:5, v/v) and a flow rate of 2 mL·min^-1, a mixture of SEI and SEH was rapidly obtained by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The mixture was separated by pre-HPLC with a methanol–water (50:50) mobile phase and flow rate of 5 mL·min^-1. The purities of the separated components as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were 93%, and the combination of ESI-MS and NMR analyses confirmed the chemical structures of the three compounds.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish a relationship between the physical properties of powder and its behavior during high shear granulation. Andrographis extract was utilized as a model drug and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and soluble starch were selected as excipients. The extract was mixed with different excipient with the ratio 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2 by weigh, respectively. The granules were prepared by using high shear granulation. The result of HSG was evaluated by monitoring such responses as granule yield, the ratio of Lumps and Fine. The effect of physical properties on granulation behavior was analyzed through stepwise regression. The results showed that angle of repose, moisture content, pore volume, and density were the main factors linked to the granulation. The main physical properties of extract powder were the important factors for high shear granulation, and statistical analysis identified the trends that interpreted in light of physical models of high shear granulation.

Abstract: In order to improve the activity and stability of phytase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, site-directed mutagenesis has been performed base on the previous recombinant E.coli BL21 harboring the expression vector of phyC. Mutation residues were chosen based on the sequence alignments and structure analysis of neutral phytsaes from different microorganisms. Site-directed mutagenesis techniques were used to get three mutants (D148E/H149R, Q67E/N68R, and D191E), then the mutants were expressed and purified. Enzymatic characters of different mutants were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum pH of all mutants were 7.0, and the optimum temperature were between 65 °C–70 °C. The maximum specific activity of mutant D148E/H149E was 27.84 U/mg which was 2.19 times than that of the wild-type phytase. The half inactivation temperature of D191E was 4.5 °C higher than that of the wild-type phytase. Fluorescence emission spectra showed that slight differences were among the structures of the mutant phytases. The phytases described here which have increased activity and thermostability may have promosing potential as feed additives in animal diets.

Abstract: From Chloranthus henryi, ten compounds were isolated and identified as 1β,8β-Dihydroxy-eudesman 4(15),7(11)-dien8α,12-olide (1), 4β,8β-dihydroxy-5α (H)- eudesm-7(11) -en-8,12-olide (2), 12-oxo-15-hydroxylabda-8(17), 13E-dien-19-oic acid (3), 12(S), 15-dihydroxy labda - 8(17),13E-dien-19-oic acid (4) , curcolonol (5), flavokawain A (6), 2 ́-hydroxy-4, 3 ́, 4 ́, 6 ́– tetramethoxychalcone (7), daucosterol (8), β-sitosterol (9) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR and MS analyses. These compounds were firstly isolated from this plant. Compound 1 have inhibitory activities on the release of β-glucuronidase from rat PMNs induced by PAF.

Abstract: To sdudy the synthesis and biological activities of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, a series of 1,2,4-triazines were prepared from the reaction of 3-mercapto-5-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazine with alkyl halide.The structures of prepared compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR and elemental analysis. Biological activities showed the compounds had anti-inflammatory activities.

Abstract: From Chloranthus multistachys, five terpenoids and two other compounds were isolated and identified as 12(S), 15-dihydroxylabda-8(17), 13E-dien-19-oic acid (1), henrilabdane B (2), zedoarofuran (3) 1β, 8β-Dihydroxy-eudesman 3,7(11)-dien-8α,12-olide (4) , multistalactone E (5), palmitic acid (6), daucosterol (7). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR and MS analyses.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of Fructus kochiae ethanol extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and its impact on the rheological properties of shampoo when it was added into the shampoo. The results showed that different concentrations of Fructus kochiae ethanol extract were demonstrated a certain inhibitory effect, with the increasing of the concentration, the antibacterial activity was also on the rise. When the ethanol extract was added into shampoo, the rheological properties of the system changed significantly.