Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1033-1034

Abstract: Delignification of banana peel, agricultural waste, is considered in the pulp production because lignin is a major obstacle to the gain of cellulose. The soda process as a conventional method and micro-morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy were fulfilled to investigate an optimal condition in this study. The results pointed the potent sequence of operating factors was delignification temperature > solid-liquid ratio > soda concentration > time. The removal of lignin could achieve 92% under the optimal condition using 12%w soda concentration with 1:8 solid-liquid ratio at 100°C for 40 min. This shows that the alkaline delignification is productively sufficient for the pulp production.

Abstract: This paper carries out detection on nutritional ingredients of pineapple leaf residue 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 15 days, 25 days, and 35 days after ensiling respectively, and then carries out comparison and analysis with control group (0 day). It can be seen from experimental result that pH value of feedstuff rapidly decreases 15 days after ensiling and the feedstuff reaches the peak of fermentation, the moisture content obviously increases (P<0.05) 3 days after ensiling, and the dry matter(DM) content obviously shows a decreasing trend (P<0.05). The content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) rapidly decreases 15 days after ensiling, which conforms to pH decreasing trend. In whole ensiling process, the crude protein(CP) and crude fat(CF) run away, and the content of crude ash(CA) and nitrogen-free extract(NFE) rises; the reason why the proportion occupied by these two items rises may be that the nutrient substance runs away and the content of dry matter decreases.

Abstract: Castor oil is the main feedstock to produce γ-decalactone among many materials. In this paper, an approach to efficiently improve the production of γ-decalactone by adding porcine pancreatic lipase was described. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with the highest production efficiency of γ-decalactone was firstly selected from ten yeasts. Then, the culture conditions were optimized. During the fermentation at an optimal temperature of 35°C, adding 1.0g L^-1 porcine pancreatic lipase and 4g L^-1 Tween 80 promoted the capacity of γ-decalactone production. With supplement of 1% castor oil at the 24 h, γ-decalactone production reached as high as 3.10g L^-1 after a fermentation of 64 h. The production increased about 20-fold compared with the fermentation without adding porcine pancreatic lipase.

Abstract: Hydrodistillation of the fresh leaves of E.grandis×E.urophylla hybrids and pure species E.grandis, E.urophylla, E.pellita, E.camaldulensis, E. dunni, and E.saligna collected from the trees grown in Guangxi Huangmian Forest (China), afforded essential oils in yields varying from 0.24±0.15% to 5.36±0.28%, according to the species. Analysis by GC (FID) and GC/MS allowed the identification of 67 compounds, representing 82.55% to 91.03% of the total oil composition. The dominant compounds were 1,8-cineole in E.saligna, E.urophylla, E.grandis×E.urophylla, E.grandis, E.pellita and E. dunni (67.48, 57.12, 48.21, 23.64, 20.34, 20.22%), p-Cymene in E.camaldulensis, E. dunni and E.grandis(21.32, 14.74, 13.38%), α-pinene in E.grandis and E.grandis×E.urophylla (21.77, 15.55%), α-terpinene in E. dunni and E.grandis (17.96, 9.35%), α-terpineol in E.pellita and E.saligna (19.24,11.54%), respectively. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis separated the characterized essential oils into two groups, each constituting a chemotype. E.grandis×E.urophylla and E.urophylla were classified in the same group, while E.grandis in the other.

Abstract: Two kinds of β-glucan were extracted from barley flour and bran, with the purity of 75.3% and 76.2% respectively. Molecular size characterization was caarried out with high performance size exclusion chromatograhy combined with a multi-angle laser light scattering and a refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALL) , the molecular weight (M_w) of β-glucan from barley flour and bran was 2.262×10⁴,7.128×10⁴. X-ray diffraction and thermodynamics tests indicated that all β-glucans were noncrystalline but thermostable polymers. Differential scanning of calorimetry (DSC) showed the presence of peak related with water loss, confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the β-glucan from barley bran had higher onset temperature (T₀=49.89°C) and peak temperature (T_P=197°C). In scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, the β-glucan from barley bran showed more tight surface,which could be caused by higher molecular weight.

Abstract: As a cooking additive, the impact of Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid (DTPMPA) on bamboo kraft pulping was studied. The effect of DTPMPA dosage at different maximum cooking temperature was discussed. The results showed that the cooking aids DTPMPA added in bamboo kraft pulping was able to reduce K value of pulp, improve the screened stock yield and brightness and reduce the alkali charge. The optimized bamboo kraft pulping conditions are: DTPMPA dosage 0.3%, alkali charge 17%, when sulfidity was 20%, maximum cooking temperature was 160°C and time at maximum temperature was 90min. Under the conditions of cooking, the screened yield is 41.53%, the K value is 15.4 and the bamboo pulp brightness is 26.8%.

Abstract: To examine the effect of GDM on the expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA genes in glioma cells. Glioma cell lines U251 and U87 were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. RT-PCR was used to identify gene expression level. The level of u-PA mRNA was up-regulated significantly in the HGF group compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA was significantly lower in the GDM group than in the normal control and HGF groups (P<0.05). The expression of u-PA in the HGF+GDM group was down-regulated significantly compared with the normal control and HGF groups (P<0.05).GDM can inhibit expression of both MT1-MMP and u-PA in glioma cells.

Abstract: To investigate the effect of geldanamycin (GDM) on the invasion ability of glioma cell induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Malignant glioma cell line U251-MG and U87-MG were cultured’and the capability of cell invasion was detected using a Transwell culture system. HGF significantly promoted the invasion ability of both U251-MG and U87-MG cells as compared with the normal control (NC) (P < 0.05). Forty eight hours after GDM treatment, the invasive growth of glioma cells was significantly decreased as compared with either NC or HGF group (P < 0.05). When cells were exposed to GDM plus HGF for 48 h, the cell invasion capability was greatly reduced as compared with either NC or HGF group (P < 0.05). The number of invaded cells in GDM plus HGF group was similar to that of GDM group.GDM can inhibit the invasion ability of glioma cells induced by HGF.

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of DBD plasma at atmospheric pressure on membrane permeability, potential membrane and cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae cells were treated with DBD plasma for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min and then subjected to various analyses before the commencement of fermentation or at the middle (9 h) and end (21 h) stages of fermentation. The results show that compared to non-treated cells, cells treated with plasma for 2-5 min show significant increase in membrane potential, while cells treated for 2-4 min show significant increase in membrane permeability prior to fermentation. Plasma-treated cells also show increased cytoplasmic free Ca²⁺ that depends on plasma treatment time, with the highest increase, 35%, observed for 5-min treatment time. However, at the middle (9 h) and end (21 h) stages of fermentation, these changes become insignificant compared to the control.

Abstract: Quantitative analysis for the relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) in colorectal cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues, the clinical significance of which will be investigated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the relative mRNA levels of IL-1α in 42 colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding cancer-adjacent tissues, statistically analyzing the co-relation of IL-1α mRNA levels with the differentiation, clinical stages and metastatic status of cancer. The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in colorectal tissues was 1.18 ± 0.80, and that in cancer-adjacent tissues was 0.74 ± 0.49, with a significant difference between the two groups (t=-3.12, P=0.003). The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in advance-staged (stage III-IV) colorectal cancer tissues was 1.50 ± 0.93, which was significantly higher than that in early-staged colorectal cancer tissues (1.50 ± 0.93 vs. 0.89 ± 0.52, t=-2.67, P=0.01). The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in metastatic colorectal cancer tissues was 1.59 ± 0.90, which was significantly higher than that in non-metastatic colorectal cancer tissues (1.59 ± 0.90 vs. 0.84 ± 0.50, P=0.002). Expression of IL-1α mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly elevated, and has a positive co-relation with the clinical stages and metastatic status, suggesting IL-1α might play a role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer.